Cutaneous leishmaniasis in French Guiana: revising epidemiology with PCR-RFLP

Stephane Simon, Mathieu Nacher, Bernard Carme, Celia Basurko, Amaury Roger, Antoine Adenis, Marine Ginouves, Magalie Demar, Pierre Couppie, Stephane Simon, Mathieu Nacher, Bernard Carme, Celia Basurko, Amaury Roger, Antoine Adenis, Marine Ginouves, Magalie Demar, Pierre Couppie

Abstract

Background: The development of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique for species identification among patients presenting leishmaniasis allowed to better determine the main circulating species in French Guiana.

Methods: A descriptive study of the Leishmania species was identified, and their spatiotemporal distribution was conducted using patient records between 2006 and 2013, with 1017 new cases of leishmaniasis diagnosed. Identification was realized by PCR-RFLP on 745 cases.

Results: The average proportions for different species were 86.2% for Leishmania (Vianna) guyanensis; 9.7% for Leishmania (Vianna) braziliensis; 2.8% for Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis; and 1.3% for Leishmania (Vianna) lainsoni, and no case of Leishmania (Vianna) naiffi was identified. Over this period, the proportion of cases due to L. (V.) braziliensis seemed to increase from 8.9% in 2006 to 13.0% in 2013 notably near the gold mining zones.

Conclusions: The use of molecular tools has transformed the view of the local epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in French Guiana.

Keywords: Cutaneous leishmaniasis; Epidemiology; French Guiana; Leishmania braziliensis; PCR-RFLP.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Total number of leishmaniasis cases in French Guiana (2006–2013). The total number of cases (n = 1017) was in relation to the number of inhabitants. The incidence rate was calculated per 10,000 inhabitants and per year
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Identification of leishmania species by PCR-RFLP method on 745 samples assessed between 2006 and 2013
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Average number of leishmaniasis cases in relation to average rainfall per month (2006–2013)
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Distribution of Leishmania species in four major areas

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