Job strain and health-related lifestyle: findings from an individual-participant meta-analysis of 118,000 working adults
Katriina Heikkilä, Eleonor I Fransson, Solja T Nyberg, Marie Zins, Hugo Westerlund, Peter Westerholm, Marianna Virtanen, Jussi Vahtera, Sakari Suominen, Andrew Steptoe, Paula Salo, Jaana Pentti, Tuula Oksanen, Maria Nordin, Michael G Marmot, Thorsten Lunau, Karl-Heinz Ladwig, Markku Koskenvuo, Anders Knutsson, France Kittel, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Marcel Goldberg, Raimund Erbel, Nico Dragano, Dirk DeBacquer, Els Clays, Annalisa Casini, Lars Alfredsson, Jane E Ferrie, Archana Singh-Manoux, G David Batty, Mika Kivimäki, IPD-Work Consortium, Katriina Heikkilä, Eleonor I Fransson, Solja T Nyberg, Marie Zins, Hugo Westerlund, Peter Westerholm, Marianna Virtanen, Jussi Vahtera, Sakari Suominen, Andrew Steptoe, Paula Salo, Jaana Pentti, Tuula Oksanen, Maria Nordin, Michael G Marmot, Thorsten Lunau, Karl-Heinz Ladwig, Markku Koskenvuo, Anders Knutsson, France Kittel, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Marcel Goldberg, Raimund Erbel, Nico Dragano, Dirk DeBacquer, Els Clays, Annalisa Casini, Lars Alfredsson, Jane E Ferrie, Archana Singh-Manoux, G David Batty, Mika Kivimäki, IPD-Work Consortium
Abstract
Objectives: We examined the associations of job strain, an indicator of work-related stress, with overall unhealthy and healthy lifestyles.
Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis of individual-level data from 11 European studies (cross-sectional data: n = 118,701; longitudinal data: n = 43,971). We analyzed job strain as a set of binary (job strain vs no job strain) and categorical (high job strain, active job, passive job, and low job strain) variables. Factors used to define healthy and unhealthy lifestyles were body mass index, smoking, alcohol intake, and leisure-time physical activity.
Results: Individuals with job strain were more likely than those with no job strain to have 4 unhealthy lifestyle factors (odds ratio [OR] = 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12, 1.39) and less likely to have 4 healthy lifestyle factors (OR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.80, 0.99). The odds of adopting a healthy lifestyle during study follow-up were lower among individuals with high job strain than among those with low job strain (OR = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.81, 0.96).
Conclusions: Work-related stress is associated with unhealthy lifestyles and the absence of stress is associated with healthy lifestyles, but longitudinal analyses suggest no straightforward cause-effect relationship between work-related stress and lifestyle.
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Source: PubMed