Normal Solid Gastric Emptying Values Measured by Scintigraphy Using Asian-style Meal:A Multicenter Study in Healthy Volunteers

Pataramon Vasavid, Tawatchai Chaiwatanarat, Pawana Pusuwan, Chanika Sritara, Krisana Roysri, Sirianong Namwongprom, Pichit Kuanrakcharoen, Teerapon Premprabha, Kitti Chunlertrith, Satawat Thongsawat, Siam Sirinthornpunya, Bancha Ovartlarnporn, Udom Kachintorn, Somchai Leelakusolvong, Chomsri Kositchaiwat, Suriya Chakkaphak, Sutep Gonlachanvit, Pataramon Vasavid, Tawatchai Chaiwatanarat, Pawana Pusuwan, Chanika Sritara, Krisana Roysri, Sirianong Namwongprom, Pichit Kuanrakcharoen, Teerapon Premprabha, Kitti Chunlertrith, Satawat Thongsawat, Siam Sirinthornpunya, Bancha Ovartlarnporn, Udom Kachintorn, Somchai Leelakusolvong, Chomsri Kositchaiwat, Suriya Chakkaphak, Sutep Gonlachanvit

Abstract

Background/aims: To report gastric emptying scintigraphy, normal values should be established for a specific protocol. The aim of this study was to provide normal gastric emptying values and determine factors affecting gastric emptying using Asian rice-based meal in healthy volunteers.

Methods: One hundred and ninety-two healthy volunteers were included at 7 tertiary care centers across Thailand. Gastric emptying scintigraphy was acquired in 45 degree left anterior oblique view immediately after ingestion of a 267 kcal steamed-rice with technetium-99m labeled-microwaved egg meal with 100 mL water for up to 4 hours.

Results: One hundred and eighty-nine volunteers (99 females, age 43 ± 14 years) completed the study. The medians (5-95th percentiles) of lag time, gastric emptying half time (GE T1/2) and percent gastric retentions at 2 and 4 hours for all volunteers were 18.6 (0.5-39.1) minutes, 68.7 (45.1-107.8) minutes, 16.3% (2.7-49.8%) and 1.1% (0.2-8.8%), respectively. Female volunteers had significantly slower gastric emptying compared to male (GE T1/2, 74 [48-115] minutes vs. 63 (41-96) minutes; P < 0.05). Female volunteers who were in luteal phase of menstrual cycle had significantly slower gastric emptying compared to those in follicular phase or menopausal status (GE T1/2, 85 [66-102] mintes vs. 69 [50-120] minutes or 72 [47-109] minutes, P < 0.05). All of smoking volunteers were male. Smoker male volunteers had significantly faster gastric emptying compared to non-smoker males (GE T1/2, 56 [44-80] minutes vs. 67 [44-100] minutes, P < 0.05). Age, body mass index and alcohol consumption habits did not affect gastric emptying values.

Conclusions: A steamed-rice with microwaved egg meal was well tolerated by healthy volunteers. Gender, menstrual status and smoking status were found to affect solid gastric emptying.

Keywords: Gastric emptying, Healthy volunteers, Oryza sativa (Rice), Radionuclide imaging, Smoking.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Examples of gastric images and regions of interest (A), gastric emptying data and fitted curve (B) using modified power exponential function in one healthy volunteer.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Box and whisker plots of female lag time, gastric emptying half time (GE T1/2) (A) and percent gastric retention (B) classified by menstrual status, *follicular phase vs. luteal phase, **luteal phase vs. menopause.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Box and whisker plots of male lag time, gastric emptying half time (GE T1/2, A) and percent gastric retention (B) classified by smoking status, *ex-smoker vs. non-smoker, **ex-smoker vs. smoker, ***non-smoker vs. smoker.

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