Characteristics of adolescents and youth with recent-onset type 2 diabetes: the TODAY cohort at baseline
Kenneth C Copeland, Philip Zeitler, Mitchell Geffner, Cindy Guandalini, Janine Higgins, Kathryn Hirst, Francine R Kaufman, Barbara Linder, Santica Marcovina, Paul McGuigan, Laura Pyle, William Tamborlane, Steven Willi, TODAY Study Group, S McKay, B Anderson, C Bush, S Gunn, M Haymond, H Holden, K Hwu, S M Jones, McGirk, B Schreiner, S Thamotharan, M Zarate, L Cuttler, E Abrams, T Casey, W Dahms, A Davis, A Haider, S Huestis, C Ievers-Landis, B Kaminski, M Koontz, S MacLeish, P McGuigan, S Narasimhan, D Rogers, M Geffner, V Barraza, N Chang, B Conrad, D Dreimane, S Estrada, L Fisher, E Fleury-Milfort, S Hernandez, B Hollen, F Kaufman, E Law, V Mansilla, D Miller, C Munoz, R Ortiz, J Sanchez, A Ward, K Wexler, Y K Xu, P Yasuda, L Levitt Katz, R Berkowitz, K Gralewski, B Johnson, J Kaplan, C Keating, C Lassiter, T Lipman, G McGinley, H McKnight, B Schwartzman, S Willi, S Arslanian, F Bacha, S Foster, B Galvin, T Hannon, A Kriska, I Libman, M Marcus, K Porter, T Songer, E Venditti, R Goland, R Cain, I Fennoy, D Gallagher, P Kringas, N Leibel, R Motaghedi, D Ng, M Ovalles, M Pellizzari, R Rapaport, K Robbins, D Seidman, L Siegel-Czarkowski, P Speiser, L Laffel, A Goebel-Fabbri, M Hall, L Higgins, M Malloy, K Milaszewski, L Orkin, A Rodriguez-Ventura, D Nathan, L Bissett, K Blumenthal, L Delahanty, V Goldman, A Goseco, M Larkin, L Levitsky, R McEachern, K Milaszewski, D Norman, B Nwosu, S Park-Bennett, D Richards, N Sherry, B Steiner, S Tollefsen, S Carnes, D Dempsher, D Flomo, V Kociela, T Whelan, B Wolff, R Weinstock, D Bowerman, S Bristol, J Bulger, J Hartsig, R Izquierdo, J Kearns, R Saletsky, P Trief, P Zeitler, N Abramson, A Bradhurst, N Celona-Jacobs, J Higgins, A Hull, M Kelsey, G Klingensmith, K Nadeau, T Witten, K Copeland, E Boss, R Brown, J Chadwick, L Chalmers, S Chernausek, C Macha, R Newgent, A Nordyke, D Olson, T Poulsen, L Pratt, J Preske, J Schanuel, J Smith, S Sternlof, R Swisher, J Lynch, N Amodei, R Barajas, C Cody, D Hale, J Hernandez, C Ibarra, E Morales, S Rivera, G Rupert, A Wauters, N White, A Arbelaez, J Jones, T Jones, M Sadler, M Tanner, A Timpson, R Welch, S Caprio, M Grey, C Guandalini, S Lavietes, M Mignosa, P Rose, A Syme, W Tamborlane, K Hirst, S Edelstein, P Feit, N Grover, C Long, L Pyle, B Linder, S Marcovina, J Chmielewski, M Ramirez, G Strylewicz, J Shepherd, B Fan, L Marquez, M Sherman, J Wang, E Mayer-Davis, Y Liu, M Nichols, D Wilfley, D Aldrich-Rasche, K Franklin, D Laughlin, G Leibach, C Massmann, M Mills, D O'Brien, J Patterson, T Tibbs, D Van Buren, A Vannucci, P Zhang, M Palmert, L Epstein, J Silverstein, Kenneth C Copeland, Philip Zeitler, Mitchell Geffner, Cindy Guandalini, Janine Higgins, Kathryn Hirst, Francine R Kaufman, Barbara Linder, Santica Marcovina, Paul McGuigan, Laura Pyle, William Tamborlane, Steven Willi, TODAY Study Group, S McKay, B Anderson, C Bush, S Gunn, M Haymond, H Holden, K Hwu, S M Jones, McGirk, B Schreiner, S Thamotharan, M Zarate, L Cuttler, E Abrams, T Casey, W Dahms, A Davis, A Haider, S Huestis, C Ievers-Landis, B Kaminski, M Koontz, S MacLeish, P McGuigan, S Narasimhan, D Rogers, M Geffner, V Barraza, N Chang, B Conrad, D Dreimane, S Estrada, L Fisher, E Fleury-Milfort, S Hernandez, B Hollen, F Kaufman, E Law, V Mansilla, D Miller, C Munoz, R Ortiz, J Sanchez, A Ward, K Wexler, Y K Xu, P Yasuda, L Levitt Katz, R Berkowitz, K Gralewski, B Johnson, J Kaplan, C Keating, C Lassiter, T Lipman, G McGinley, H McKnight, B Schwartzman, S Willi, S Arslanian, F Bacha, S Foster, B Galvin, T Hannon, A Kriska, I Libman, M Marcus, K Porter, T Songer, E Venditti, R Goland, R Cain, I Fennoy, D Gallagher, P Kringas, N Leibel, R Motaghedi, D Ng, M Ovalles, M Pellizzari, R Rapaport, K Robbins, D Seidman, L Siegel-Czarkowski, P Speiser, L Laffel, A Goebel-Fabbri, M Hall, L Higgins, M Malloy, K Milaszewski, L Orkin, A Rodriguez-Ventura, D Nathan, L Bissett, K Blumenthal, L Delahanty, V Goldman, A Goseco, M Larkin, L Levitsky, R McEachern, K Milaszewski, D Norman, B Nwosu, S Park-Bennett, D Richards, N Sherry, B Steiner, S Tollefsen, S Carnes, D Dempsher, D Flomo, V Kociela, T Whelan, B Wolff, R Weinstock, D Bowerman, S Bristol, J Bulger, J Hartsig, R Izquierdo, J Kearns, R Saletsky, P Trief, P Zeitler, N Abramson, A Bradhurst, N Celona-Jacobs, J Higgins, A Hull, M Kelsey, G Klingensmith, K Nadeau, T Witten, K Copeland, E Boss, R Brown, J Chadwick, L Chalmers, S Chernausek, C Macha, R Newgent, A Nordyke, D Olson, T Poulsen, L Pratt, J Preske, J Schanuel, J Smith, S Sternlof, R Swisher, J Lynch, N Amodei, R Barajas, C Cody, D Hale, J Hernandez, C Ibarra, E Morales, S Rivera, G Rupert, A Wauters, N White, A Arbelaez, J Jones, T Jones, M Sadler, M Tanner, A Timpson, R Welch, S Caprio, M Grey, C Guandalini, S Lavietes, M Mignosa, P Rose, A Syme, W Tamborlane, K Hirst, S Edelstein, P Feit, N Grover, C Long, L Pyle, B Linder, S Marcovina, J Chmielewski, M Ramirez, G Strylewicz, J Shepherd, B Fan, L Marquez, M Sherman, J Wang, E Mayer-Davis, Y Liu, M Nichols, D Wilfley, D Aldrich-Rasche, K Franklin, D Laughlin, G Leibach, C Massmann, M Mills, D O'Brien, J Patterson, T Tibbs, D Van Buren, A Vannucci, P Zhang, M Palmert, L Epstein, J Silverstein
Abstract
Context: The Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) cohort represents the largest and best-characterized national sample of American youth with recent-onset type 2 diabetes.
Objective: The objective of the study was to describe the baseline characteristics of participants in the TODAY randomized clinical trial.
Design: Participants were recruited over 4 yr at 15 clinical centers in the United States (n = 704) and enrolled, randomized, treated, and followed up 2-6 yr.
Setting: The study was conducted at pediatric diabetes care clinics and practices.
Participants: Eligible participants were aged 10-17 yr inclusive, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for less than 2 yr and had a body mass index at the 85th percentile or greater.
Interventions: After baseline data collection, participants were randomized to one of the following groups: 1) metformin alone, 2) metformin plus rosiglitazone, or 3) metformin plus a lifestyle program of weight management.
Main outcome measures: Baseline data presented include demographics, clinical/medical history, biochemical measurements, and clinical and biochemical abnormalities.
Results: At baseline the cohort included the following: 64.9% were female; mean age was 14.0 yr; mean diabetes duration was 7.8 months; mean body mass index Z-score was 2.15; 89.4% had a family history of diabetes; 41.1% were Hispanic, 31.5% were non-Hispanic black; 38.8% were living with both biological parents; 41.5% had a household annual income of less than $25,000; 26.3% had a highest education level of parent/guardian less than a high school degree; 26.3% had a blood pressure at the 90th percentile or greater; 13.6% had a blood pressure at the 95th percentile or greater; 13.0% had microalbuminuria; 79.8% had a low high-density lipoprotein level; and 10.2% had high triglycerides.
Conclusions: The TODAY cohort is predominantly from racial/ethnic minority groups, with low socioeconomic status and a family history of diabetes. Clinical and biochemical abnormalities and comorbidities are prevalent within 2 yr of diagnosis. These findings contribute greatly to our understanding of American youth with type 2 diabetes.
Source: PubMed