Effects of Knee Osteoarthritis on Hip and Ankle Gait Mechanics

Du Hyun Ro, Joonhee Lee, Jangyun Lee, Jae-Young Park, Hyuk-Soo Han, Myung Chul Lee, Du Hyun Ro, Joonhee Lee, Jangyun Lee, Jae-Young Park, Hyuk-Soo Han, Myung Chul Lee

Abstract

Introduction: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) can affect the hip and ankle joints, as these three joints operate as a kinetic/kinematic chain while walking.

Purpose: This study was performed to compare (1) hip and ankle joint gait mechanics between knee OA and control groups and (2) to investigate the effects of knee gait mechanics on the ipsilateral hip and ankle joint.

Methods: The study group included 89 patients with end-stage knee OA and 42 age- and sex-matched controls without knee pain or OA. Kinetic and kinematic parameters were evaluated using a commercial optoelectric gait analysis system. Range of motion (ROM) during gait, coronal motion arc, and peak joint moment of hip, knee, and ankle joints were investigated.

Results: Ankle varus moment was 50% higher in the OA group (p=0.005) and was associated with higher knee adduction moment (p<0.001). The ROM of the hip and ankle joints were significantly smaller in the OA group and were associated with limited ROM of the knee joint (both p<0.001). The coronal motion arc of the hip was smaller in the OA group and was also associated with limited motion arc of the knee (p<0.001).

Conclusions: Knee OA has a negative effect on the ROM, coronal motion arc, and joint moment of the ankle joint and hip joint. As knee OA is associated with increased moment of the ankle joint, attention should be paid to the ankle joint when treating patients with knee OA.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Range of motion (ROM) of the knee, hip, and ankle joint. The knee OA (KOA) group showed smaller ROM than the control group. In the knee joint, a negative value indicates hyperextension. In the hip joint, a negative value indicates extension. In the ankle joint, a negative value indicates plantar flexion.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Correlation between knee ROM and hip and ankle ROM. Strong correlations were observed between knee ROM and the hip and ankle ROM. Blue dots indicate the knee OA group. Orange dots indicate the control group. Dotted lines indicate the trend lines. r2: Pearson correlation coefficient.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Coronal motion arcs of the hip and knee joints. The KOA group showed smaller coronal motion arcs compared to the control group. Negative values indicate valgus and abduction in the knee and hip joints, respectively. There was a significant correlation between the hip and knee joints.

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Source: PubMed

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