Topical anti-inflammatory activity of palmitoleic acid improves wound healing
Eleine Weimann, Maysa Braga Barros Silva, Gilson Masahiro Murata, Jose Ricardo Bortolon, Alexandre Dermargos, Rui Curi, Elaine Hatanaka, Eleine Weimann, Maysa Braga Barros Silva, Gilson Masahiro Murata, Jose Ricardo Bortolon, Alexandre Dermargos, Rui Curi, Elaine Hatanaka
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of palmitoleic acid on different phases of the healing process. Macroscopic analyses were performed on wounds in rats with or without palmitoleic acid treatment, and the results showed that palmitoleic acid directly hastened wound closure. The topical treatment of wounds with palmitoleic acid resulted in smaller wounds than those observed in the control group. The anti-inflammatory activity of palmitoleic acid may be responsible for healing, especially in the stages of granulation tissue formation and remodelling. Palmitoleic acid modified TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, CINC-2α/β, MIP-3α and VEGF-α profiles at the wound site 24, 48, 120, 216 and 288 hours post-wounding. Assays assessing neutrophil migration and exudate formation in sterile inflammatory air pouches revealed that palmitoleic acid had potent anti-inflammatory activity, inhibiting the LPS-induced release of TNF-α (73.14%, p≤0.05), IL-1β (66.19%, p≤0.001), IL-6 (75.19%, p≤0.001), MIP-3α (70.38%, p≤0.05), and l-selectin (16%, p≤0.05). Palmitoleic acid also inhibited LPS-stimulated neutrophil migration. We concluded that palmitoleic acid accelerates wound healing via an anti-inflammatory effect.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Figures
Macroscopic wound closure in the control rats (A) and the rats treated daily with palmitoleic acid (B). Representative photos and wound area values recorded over a 12-day period. (C) Wound closure velocity (mm2/day) and (D) ratios of integrated wound closure area with or without palmitoleic treatment. Values are expressed as the mean±SEM of at least 10 animals per group. *p≤0.05 versus control, as indicated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey’s test.
Neutrophil influx into air pouches after palmitoleic acid (100 mM) injection. LPS (5 μg/mL) was used as a positive control. Values are presented as the means±SEM of eight animals per group. **p Fig 3. Air pouch cytokines release.
Fig 3. Air pouch cytokines release.
Cytokine…
Fig 3. Air pouch cytokines release.
Cytokine release into air pouches after palmitoleic acid (100…
Cytokine release into air pouches after palmitoleic acid (100 mM) injection. LPS (5 μg/mL) was used as a positive control. Values are presented as the means±SEM of eight animals per group. *p Fig 4. Cytokines concentration in wound.
Fig 4. Cytokines concentration in wound.
Kinetic…
Fig 4. Cytokines concentration in wound.
Kinetic profiles of cytokine concentrations in the control (PBS)…
Kinetic profiles of cytokine concentrations in the control (PBS) and treated rats (PALM) measured before (0), 4 hours (4), 24 hours (24), 48 hours (48), 72 hours (72) and 120 hours (120) after wound induction. Values are presented as the mean±SE of at least 8 animals per group.
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References
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Publication types
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
- Administration, Topical
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents / administration & dosage*
- Cytokines / genetics
- Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / administration & dosage*
- Gene Expression Regulation / drug effects
- Humans
- Inflammation / drug therapy*
- Inflammation / genetics
- Inflammation / pathology
- Interleukin-1beta / genetics
- Rats
- Skin / drug effects
- Skin / pathology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / genetics
- Wound Healing / drug effects*
- Wound Healing / genetics
Substances
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents
- Cytokines
- Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated
- Interleukin-1beta
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
- palmitoleic acid
Related information
Grant support
This research was supported by the Brazilian research funding agencies FAPESP (São Paulo Research Foundation, #14/03947-1 and #11/15360-7) and CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (#307769/2014-3). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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Cytokine release into air pouches after palmitoleic acid (100 mM) injection. LPS (5 μg/mL) was used as a positive control. Values are presented as the means±SEM of eight animals per group. *p Fig 4. Cytokines concentration in wound.
Fig 4. Cytokines concentration in wound.
Kinetic…
Fig 4. Cytokines concentration in wound.
Kinetic profiles of cytokine concentrations in the control (PBS)…
Kinetic profiles of cytokine concentrations in the control (PBS) and treated rats (PALM) measured before (0), 4 hours (4), 24 hours (24), 48 hours (48), 72 hours (72) and 120 hours (120) after wound induction. Values are presented as the mean±SE of at least 8 animals per group.
Kinetic profiles of cytokine concentrations in the control (PBS) and treated rats (PALM) measured before (0), 4 hours (4), 24 hours (24), 48 hours (48), 72 hours (72) and 120 hours (120) after wound induction. Values are presented as the mean±SE of at least 8 animals per group.
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