Valorization of Natural Cardio Trekking Trails Through Open Innovation for the Promotion of Sustainable Cross-generational Health-Oriented Tourism in the Connect2Move Project: Protocol for a Cross-sectional Study

Barbara Mayr, Maximilian Beck, Laura Eisenberger, Verena Venek, Christina Kranzinger, Andrea Menzl, Bernhard Reich, Veronika Hornung-Prähauser, Renate Oberhoffer-Fritz, Birgit Böhm, Josef Niebauer, Barbara Mayr, Maximilian Beck, Laura Eisenberger, Verena Venek, Christina Kranzinger, Andrea Menzl, Bernhard Reich, Veronika Hornung-Prähauser, Renate Oberhoffer-Fritz, Birgit Böhm, Josef Niebauer

Abstract

Background: Hiking is one of the most popular forms of exercise in the alpine region. However, besides its health benefits, hiking is the alpine activity with the highest incidence of cardiac events. Most incidents occur due to overexertion or underestimation of the physiological strain of hiking.

Objective: This project will establish a standardized cardio trekking test trail to evaluate the exercise capacity of tourists within hiking areas and deliver a tool for the prevention of hiking-associated cardiac incidents. Further, individual exercise intensity for a hiking tour will be predicted and visualized in digital maps.

Methods: This cooperation study between Austria and Germany will first validate a 1-km outdoor cardio trekking test trail at 2 different study sites. Then, exercise intensity measures on 8-km hiking trails will be evaluated during hiking to estimate overall hiking intensity. A total of 144 healthy adults (aged >45 years) will perform a treadmill test in the laboratory and a 1-km hiking test outdoors. They will wear a portable spirometry device that measures gas exchange, as well as heart rate, walking speed, ventilation, GPS location, and altitude throughout the tests. Estimation models for exercise capacity based on measured parameters will be calculated.

Results: The project "Connect2Move" was funded in December 2019 by the European Regional Development Fund (INTERREG V-A Programme Austria-Bavaria - 2014-2020; Project Number AB296). "Connect2Move" started in January 2020 and runs until the end of June 2022. By the end of April 2022, 162 participants were tested in the laboratory, and of these, 144 were tested outdoors. The data analysis will be completed by the end of June 2022, and results are expected to be published by the end of 2022.

Conclusions: Individual prediction of exercise capacity in healthy individuals with interest in hiking aims at the prevention of hiking-associated cardiovascular events caused by overexertion. Integration of a mathematical equation into existing hiking apps will allow individual hiking route recommendations derived from individual performance on a standardized cardio trekking test trail.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrails.gov NCT05226806; https://ichgcp.net/clinical-trials-registry/NCT05226806.

International registered report identifier (irrid): DERR1-10.2196/39038.

Keywords: cardiorespiratory fitness; exercise; field test; hiking safety.

Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: None declared.

©Barbara Mayr, Maximilian Beck, Laura Eisenberger, Verena Venek, Christina Kranzinger, Andrea Menzl, Bernhard Reich, Veronika Hornung-Prähauser, Renate Oberhoffer-Fritz, Birgit Böhm, Josef Niebauer. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (https://www.researchprotocols.org), 13.07.2022.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
From laboratory testing to tourist hikes. (A) Laboratory treadmill test. Evaluation of maximal exercise capacity and training zones. (B) 1-km cardio trekking test trail. Evaluation of exercise capacity in a standardized outdoor setting. (C) 8-km cardio trekking trail. Guided hikes with study participants, with measurement of exercise capacity and heart rate during the hike. (D) Cartography of the 8-km cardio trekking trail with the help of guided tourist hikes. bpm: beats per minute; HR: heart rate; HRavg: average heart rate; HRmax: maximal heart rate; VO2: oxygen uptake; VO2max: maximal oxygen uptake.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Cardio trekking test trail profiles. (A) Map of the cardio trekking test trail in Werfenweng, Austria. (B) Map of the cardio trekking test trail in Aschau im Chiemgau, Germany. (C) Profile of the Austrian trail. (D) Profile of the German trail.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Cardio trekking trail profiles. (A) Map of the cardio trekking trail in Werfenweng, Austria. (B) Map of the cardio trekking trail in Aschau im Chiemgau, Germany. (C) Profile of the Austrian trail. (D) Profile of the German trail.

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