Cognitive Behavioral Approach to Treat Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Amanda Dos Santos Moraes, Ricardo da Costa Padovani, Cauê Vazquez La Scala Teixeira, Maria Gabriela Soria Cuesta, Silvandro Dos Santos Gil, Bárbara de Paula, Gilberto Monteiro Dos Santos, Rodrigo Tributino Gonçalves, Ana Raimunda Dâmaso, Lila Missae Oyama, Ricardo José Gomes, Danielle Arisa Caranti, Amanda Dos Santos Moraes, Ricardo da Costa Padovani, Cauê Vazquez La Scala Teixeira, Maria Gabriela Soria Cuesta, Silvandro Dos Santos Gil, Bárbara de Paula, Gilberto Monteiro Dos Santos, Rodrigo Tributino Gonçalves, Ana Raimunda Dâmaso, Lila Missae Oyama, Ricardo José Gomes, Danielle Arisa Caranti

Abstract

Our aim was to analyze and compare the effects of three different long-term treatments on anthropometric profiles, eating behaviors, anxiety and depression levels, and quality of life of groups of adults with obesity. Methods: The 43 participants in the study were randomly assigned to one of three groups: the education and health group (EH, n = 12), which received lectures on health topics; the physical exercise group (PE, n = 13), which underwent physical training; and the interdisciplinary therapy plus cognitive behavioral therapy (IT + CBT) (n = 18) group, which received physical training, nutritional advice, and physical and psychological therapy. Results: Total quality of life increased significantly in the EH group (△ = 2.00); in the PE group, body weight significantly decreased (△ = -1.42) and the physical domain of quality of life improved (△ = 1.05). However, the most significant changes were seen in the IT + CBT group, in which the anthropometric profile improved; there were an increase in quality of life in all domains (physical, psychological, social, and environmental), an improvement in eating behaviors [Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), total △ = -8.39], and a reduction in depression [Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), △ = -10.13). Conclusion: The IT + CBT program was more effective than the PE and EH programs. Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT02573688.

Keywords: cognitive behavioral therapy for obesity; obesity and comorbidities; psychological factors of obesity; psychological factors of weight loss; quality of life.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Copyright © 2021 Moraes, Padovani, La Scala Teixeira, Cuesta, Gil, de Paula, dos Santos, Gonçalves, Dâmaso, Oyama, Gomes and Caranti.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
BMI, Body mass index (BMI); DEBQ, Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire; WHOQOL-Brief, World Health Organization quality of life instrument; BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI); EH, education and health; PE, physical exercise; IT+CBT, interdisciplinary therapy plus cognitive behavioral therapy.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Correlation of values between variables. In figure, the blue indicates positive and red negative correlations. The x shows the correlations that were not significant. Values shown as mean and standard deviation, p < 0.05. BMI, Body mass index; DEBQ, Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire; WHOQOL-Brief, World Health Organization quality of life instrument; BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; EH, education and health; PE, physical exercise; IT + CBT, interdisciplinary therapy plus cognitive behavioral therapy.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Correlation of values between variables of the three programs (EH, PE and IT+CBT). In the figure, blue indicates to positive and red negative correlations. The x shows the correlations that were not significant. Values shown as mean and standard deviation, p < 0.05. BMI, Body mass index; DEBQ, Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire; WHOQOL-Brief, World Health Organization quality of life instrument; BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; EH, education and health; PE, physical exercise; IT + CBT, interdisciplinary therapy plus cognitive behavioral therapy. (A) EH program. (B) PE program. (C) IT + CBT program.

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