MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels in plasma are altered and associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients

Carolina D Avila-Mesquita, Ariel E S Couto, Ligia C B Campos, Tauana F Vasconcelos, Jessyca Michelon-Barbosa, Carlos A C Corsi, Fabiola Mestriner, Bruno C Petroski-Moraes, Maria J Garbellini-Diab, Daniel M S Couto, Maria C Jordani, Denise Ferro, Lourenço Sbragia, Edwaldo E Joviliano, Paulo R Evora, Rodrigo de Carvalho Santana, Olindo Assis Martins-Filho, Katarzyna Polonis, Mayra G Menegueti, Mauricio S Ribeiro, Maria Auxiliadora-Martins, Christiane Becari, Carolina D Avila-Mesquita, Ariel E S Couto, Ligia C B Campos, Tauana F Vasconcelos, Jessyca Michelon-Barbosa, Carlos A C Corsi, Fabiola Mestriner, Bruno C Petroski-Moraes, Maria J Garbellini-Diab, Daniel M S Couto, Maria C Jordani, Denise Ferro, Lourenço Sbragia, Edwaldo E Joviliano, Paulo R Evora, Rodrigo de Carvalho Santana, Olindo Assis Martins-Filho, Katarzyna Polonis, Mayra G Menegueti, Mauricio S Ribeiro, Maria Auxiliadora-Martins, Christiane Becari

Abstract

Respiratory symptoms are one of COVID-19 manifestations, and the metalloproteinases (MMPs) have essential roles in the lung physiology. We sought to characterize the plasmatic levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in patients with severe COVID-19 and to investigate an association between plasma MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels and clinical outcomes and mortality. MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels in plasma from patients with COVID-19 treated in the ICU (COVID-19 group) and Control patients were measured with the zymography. The study groups were matched for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, BMI, and obesity profile. MMP-2 levels were lower and MMP-9 levels were higher in a COVID-19 group (p < 0.0001) compared to Controls. MMP-9 levels in COVID-19 patients were not affected by comorbidity such as hypertension or obesity. MMP-2 levels were affected by hypertension (p < 0.05), but unaffected by obesity status. Notably, hypertensive COVID-19 patients had higher MMP-2 levels compared to the non-hypertensive COVID-19 group, albeit still lower than Controls (p < 0.05). No association between MMP-2 and MMP-9 plasmatic levels and corticosteroid treatment or acute kidney injury was found in COVID-19 patients. The survival analysis showed that COVID-19 mortality was associated with increased MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels. Age, hypertension, BMI, and MMP-2 and MMP-9 were better predictors of mortality during hospitalization than SAPS3 and SOFA scores at hospital admission. In conclusion, a significant association between MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels and COVID-19 was found. Notably, MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels predicted the risk of in-hospital death suggesting possible pathophysiologic and prognostic roles.

Keywords: COVID-19 pathophysiology; MMP-2; MMP-9; Metalloproteinases; SARS-COV2 infection.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there are no conflict of interest.

Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.

Figures

Graphical abstract
Graphical abstract
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Plasmatic levels of metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2, (A)) and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9, (B) in control (n = 29) and COVID-19 (n = 53) subjects’ group. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, normalized to control group, * ** *p 

Fig. 2

MMP-2 plasma levels in normotensive…

Fig. 2

MMP-2 plasma levels in normotensive Control group (Control non-HPT, n = 15) and…

Fig. 2
MMP-2 plasma levels in normotensive Control group (Control non-HPT, n = 15) and Hypertensive Control group (HPT, n = 14), normotensive COVID-19 patients (COVID-19 non HPT, n = 24) and hypertensive COVID-19 patients (COVID-19 HPT, n = 29) (A); MMP-2 plasma levels in Control group with normal BMI (Control non-obese, n = 16) and Control group with obesity (Control obese, n = 13) and COVID-19 group with normal BMI (COVID-19 non obese, n = 26) and COVID-19 group with obesity (COVID-19 obese, n = 27) (B). Data are presented as mean ± SEM, normalized to control group *p

Fig. 3

MMP-9 plasma levels in normotensive…

Fig. 3

MMP-9 plasma levels in normotensive Control group (Control non-HPT, n = 15) and…

Fig. 3
MMP-9 plasma levels in normotensive Control group (Control non-HPT, n = 15) and Hypertensive Control group (Control HPT, n = 14), normotensive COVID-19 patients (COVID-19 non-HPT, n = 24) and hypertensive COVID-19 patients (COVID-19 HPT, n = 29) (A); MMP-2 plasma levels in Control group with normal BMI (control non-obese, n = 16) and Control group with obesity (Control obese, n = 13) and COVID-19 group with normal BMI (COVID-19 non obese,n = 26) and COVID-19 group with obesity (COVID-19 obese, n = 27) (B). Data are presented as mean ± SEM, normalized to control group ***p 

Fig. 4

MMP-2 plasma levels in and…

Fig. 4

MMP-2 plasma levels in and COVID-19 patients that received inhibitor of renin-angiotensin system…

Fig. 4
MMP-2 plasma levels in and COVID-19 patients that received inhibitor of renin-angiotensin system (iRAAS) treatment before hospitalization (COVID-19 on-iRAAS, n = 24) and COVID-19 patients without iRAAS treatment before hospitalization (COVID-19 off-iRAAS, n = 29)(A); MMP-2 plasma levels in COVID-19 patients that received corticosteroid treatment (COVID-19 on-corticosteroid, n = 47) and COVID-19 patients that without corticosteroid treatment (COVID-19 off-corticosteroid, n = 6) in the first day of hospitalization (B); MMP-2 plasma levels in and COVID-19 patients that had Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) during hospitalisation (without AKI, n = 27) and COVID-19 patients with AKI during hospitalization (with AKI, n = 26) (C); MMP-9 plasma levels in COVID-19 patients that received iRAAS treatment before hospitalization (COVID-19 on-iRAAS, n = 24) and COVID-19 patients without iRAAS treatment before hospitalization (COVID-19 off-iRAAS, n = 29) (D); MMP-9 plasma levels in COVID-19 patients that received corticosteroid treatment (COVID-19 on-corticosteroid, n = 47) and COVID-19 patients that without corticosteroid treatment (COVID-19 off-corticosteroid, n = 6) in the first day of hospitalization (E); MMP-2 plasma levels in and COVID-19 patients that had Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) during hospitalisation (without AKI, n = 27) and COVID-19 patients with AKI during hospitalization (with AKI, n = 26) (F). Data are presented as mean ± SEM, normalized to group not on medication or who had no AKI, *p 

Fig. 5

Relationship between MMP-2 plasmatic levels…

Fig. 5

Relationship between MMP-2 plasmatic levels (A), MMP-9 plasmatic levels (B), and death in…

Fig. 5
Relationship between MMP-2 plasmatic levels (A), MMP-9 plasmatic levels (B), and death in survivor (n = 30) and non-survivor (n = 23) groups on the first day after admission in ICU care. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, normalized to survivor group, *p 

Fig. 6

Mortality prediction showed on the…

Fig. 6

Mortality prediction showed on the ROC curve including SAPS3 and SOFA scores ability…

Fig. 6
Mortality prediction showed on the ROC curve including SAPS3 and SOFA scores ability to predict death on COVID-19 severe patients analyzed by multiple logistic regression AUC= 0.651, p = 0.062 (A); Mortality prediction showed on the ROC curve including MMP-2, MMP-9 associated with BMI, age, AKI and hypertension ability to predict death on COVID-19 severe patients analyzed by multiple logistic regression AUC= 0.864, p 
All figures (7)
Similar articles
Cited by
References
    1. COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU). https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html (Accessed 1 August 2021).
    1. Hoffmann M., Kleine-Weber H., Schroeder S., Krüger N., Herrler T., Erichsen S., Schiergens T.S., Herrler G., Wu N.-H., Nitsche A., Müller M.A., Drosten C., Pöhlmann S. SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ace2 and tmprss2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor. Cell. 2020;181:271–280. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Tang D., Comish P., Kang R. The hallmarks of COVID-19 disease. PLoS Pathog. 2020;16 doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008536. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Costela-Ruiz V.J., Illescas-Montes R., Puerta-Puerta J.M., Ruiz C., Melguizo-Rodríguez L. SARS-CoV-2 infection: The role of cytokines in COVID-19 disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2020;54:62–75. doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.06.001. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Kong M., Zhang H., Cao X., Mao X., Lu Z. Higher level of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte is associated with severe COVID-19. Epidemiol. Infect. 2020;148 doi: 10.1017/S0950268820001557. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
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Fig. 2
Fig. 2
MMP-2 plasma levels in normotensive Control group (Control non-HPT, n = 15) and Hypertensive Control group (HPT, n = 14), normotensive COVID-19 patients (COVID-19 non HPT, n = 24) and hypertensive COVID-19 patients (COVID-19 HPT, n = 29) (A); MMP-2 plasma levels in Control group with normal BMI (Control non-obese, n = 16) and Control group with obesity (Control obese, n = 13) and COVID-19 group with normal BMI (COVID-19 non obese, n = 26) and COVID-19 group with obesity (COVID-19 obese, n = 27) (B). Data are presented as mean ± SEM, normalized to control group *p

Fig. 3

MMP-9 plasma levels in normotensive…

Fig. 3

MMP-9 plasma levels in normotensive Control group (Control non-HPT, n = 15) and…

Fig. 3
MMP-9 plasma levels in normotensive Control group (Control non-HPT, n = 15) and Hypertensive Control group (Control HPT, n = 14), normotensive COVID-19 patients (COVID-19 non-HPT, n = 24) and hypertensive COVID-19 patients (COVID-19 HPT, n = 29) (A); MMP-2 plasma levels in Control group with normal BMI (control non-obese, n = 16) and Control group with obesity (Control obese, n = 13) and COVID-19 group with normal BMI (COVID-19 non obese,n = 26) and COVID-19 group with obesity (COVID-19 obese, n = 27) (B). Data are presented as mean ± SEM, normalized to control group ***p 

Fig. 4

MMP-2 plasma levels in and…

Fig. 4

MMP-2 plasma levels in and COVID-19 patients that received inhibitor of renin-angiotensin system…

Fig. 4
MMP-2 plasma levels in and COVID-19 patients that received inhibitor of renin-angiotensin system (iRAAS) treatment before hospitalization (COVID-19 on-iRAAS, n = 24) and COVID-19 patients without iRAAS treatment before hospitalization (COVID-19 off-iRAAS, n = 29)(A); MMP-2 plasma levels in COVID-19 patients that received corticosteroid treatment (COVID-19 on-corticosteroid, n = 47) and COVID-19 patients that without corticosteroid treatment (COVID-19 off-corticosteroid, n = 6) in the first day of hospitalization (B); MMP-2 plasma levels in and COVID-19 patients that had Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) during hospitalisation (without AKI, n = 27) and COVID-19 patients with AKI during hospitalization (with AKI, n = 26) (C); MMP-9 plasma levels in COVID-19 patients that received iRAAS treatment before hospitalization (COVID-19 on-iRAAS, n = 24) and COVID-19 patients without iRAAS treatment before hospitalization (COVID-19 off-iRAAS, n = 29) (D); MMP-9 plasma levels in COVID-19 patients that received corticosteroid treatment (COVID-19 on-corticosteroid, n = 47) and COVID-19 patients that without corticosteroid treatment (COVID-19 off-corticosteroid, n = 6) in the first day of hospitalization (E); MMP-2 plasma levels in and COVID-19 patients that had Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) during hospitalisation (without AKI, n = 27) and COVID-19 patients with AKI during hospitalization (with AKI, n = 26) (F). Data are presented as mean ± SEM, normalized to group not on medication or who had no AKI, *p 

Fig. 5

Relationship between MMP-2 plasmatic levels…

Fig. 5

Relationship between MMP-2 plasmatic levels (A), MMP-9 plasmatic levels (B), and death in…

Fig. 5
Relationship between MMP-2 plasmatic levels (A), MMP-9 plasmatic levels (B), and death in survivor (n = 30) and non-survivor (n = 23) groups on the first day after admission in ICU care. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, normalized to survivor group, *p 

Fig. 6

Mortality prediction showed on the…

Fig. 6

Mortality prediction showed on the ROC curve including SAPS3 and SOFA scores ability…

Fig. 6
Mortality prediction showed on the ROC curve including SAPS3 and SOFA scores ability to predict death on COVID-19 severe patients analyzed by multiple logistic regression AUC= 0.651, p = 0.062 (A); Mortality prediction showed on the ROC curve including MMP-2, MMP-9 associated with BMI, age, AKI and hypertension ability to predict death on COVID-19 severe patients analyzed by multiple logistic regression AUC= 0.864, p 
All figures (7)
Similar articles
Cited by
References
    1. COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU). https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html (Accessed 1 August 2021).
    1. Hoffmann M., Kleine-Weber H., Schroeder S., Krüger N., Herrler T., Erichsen S., Schiergens T.S., Herrler G., Wu N.-H., Nitsche A., Müller M.A., Drosten C., Pöhlmann S. SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ace2 and tmprss2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor. Cell. 2020;181:271–280. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Tang D., Comish P., Kang R. The hallmarks of COVID-19 disease. PLoS Pathog. 2020;16 doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008536. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Costela-Ruiz V.J., Illescas-Montes R., Puerta-Puerta J.M., Ruiz C., Melguizo-Rodríguez L. SARS-CoV-2 infection: The role of cytokines in COVID-19 disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2020;54:62–75. doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.06.001. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Kong M., Zhang H., Cao X., Mao X., Lu Z. Higher level of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte is associated with severe COVID-19. Epidemiol. Infect. 2020;148 doi: 10.1017/S0950268820001557. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
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Fig. 3
Fig. 3
MMP-9 plasma levels in normotensive Control group (Control non-HPT, n = 15) and Hypertensive Control group (Control HPT, n = 14), normotensive COVID-19 patients (COVID-19 non-HPT, n = 24) and hypertensive COVID-19 patients (COVID-19 HPT, n = 29) (A); MMP-2 plasma levels in Control group with normal BMI (control non-obese, n = 16) and Control group with obesity (Control obese, n = 13) and COVID-19 group with normal BMI (COVID-19 non obese,n = 26) and COVID-19 group with obesity (COVID-19 obese, n = 27) (B). Data are presented as mean ± SEM, normalized to control group ***p 

Fig. 4

MMP-2 plasma levels in and…

Fig. 4

MMP-2 plasma levels in and COVID-19 patients that received inhibitor of renin-angiotensin system…

Fig. 4
MMP-2 plasma levels in and COVID-19 patients that received inhibitor of renin-angiotensin system (iRAAS) treatment before hospitalization (COVID-19 on-iRAAS, n = 24) and COVID-19 patients without iRAAS treatment before hospitalization (COVID-19 off-iRAAS, n = 29)(A); MMP-2 plasma levels in COVID-19 patients that received corticosteroid treatment (COVID-19 on-corticosteroid, n = 47) and COVID-19 patients that without corticosteroid treatment (COVID-19 off-corticosteroid, n = 6) in the first day of hospitalization (B); MMP-2 plasma levels in and COVID-19 patients that had Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) during hospitalisation (without AKI, n = 27) and COVID-19 patients with AKI during hospitalization (with AKI, n = 26) (C); MMP-9 plasma levels in COVID-19 patients that received iRAAS treatment before hospitalization (COVID-19 on-iRAAS, n = 24) and COVID-19 patients without iRAAS treatment before hospitalization (COVID-19 off-iRAAS, n = 29) (D); MMP-9 plasma levels in COVID-19 patients that received corticosteroid treatment (COVID-19 on-corticosteroid, n = 47) and COVID-19 patients that without corticosteroid treatment (COVID-19 off-corticosteroid, n = 6) in the first day of hospitalization (E); MMP-2 plasma levels in and COVID-19 patients that had Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) during hospitalisation (without AKI, n = 27) and COVID-19 patients with AKI during hospitalization (with AKI, n = 26) (F). Data are presented as mean ± SEM, normalized to group not on medication or who had no AKI, *p 

Fig. 5

Relationship between MMP-2 plasmatic levels…

Fig. 5

Relationship between MMP-2 plasmatic levels (A), MMP-9 plasmatic levels (B), and death in…

Fig. 5
Relationship between MMP-2 plasmatic levels (A), MMP-9 plasmatic levels (B), and death in survivor (n = 30) and non-survivor (n = 23) groups on the first day after admission in ICU care. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, normalized to survivor group, *p 

Fig. 6

Mortality prediction showed on the…

Fig. 6

Mortality prediction showed on the ROC curve including SAPS3 and SOFA scores ability…

Fig. 6
Mortality prediction showed on the ROC curve including SAPS3 and SOFA scores ability to predict death on COVID-19 severe patients analyzed by multiple logistic regression AUC= 0.651, p = 0.062 (A); Mortality prediction showed on the ROC curve including MMP-2, MMP-9 associated with BMI, age, AKI and hypertension ability to predict death on COVID-19 severe patients analyzed by multiple logistic regression AUC= 0.864, p 
All figures (7)
Similar articles
Cited by
References
    1. COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU). https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html (Accessed 1 August 2021).
    1. Hoffmann M., Kleine-Weber H., Schroeder S., Krüger N., Herrler T., Erichsen S., Schiergens T.S., Herrler G., Wu N.-H., Nitsche A., Müller M.A., Drosten C., Pöhlmann S. SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ace2 and tmprss2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor. Cell. 2020;181:271–280. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Tang D., Comish P., Kang R. The hallmarks of COVID-19 disease. PLoS Pathog. 2020;16 doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008536. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Costela-Ruiz V.J., Illescas-Montes R., Puerta-Puerta J.M., Ruiz C., Melguizo-Rodríguez L. SARS-CoV-2 infection: The role of cytokines in COVID-19 disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2020;54:62–75. doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.06.001. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Kong M., Zhang H., Cao X., Mao X., Lu Z. Higher level of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte is associated with severe COVID-19. Epidemiol. Infect. 2020;148 doi: 10.1017/S0950268820001557. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
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Fig. 4
Fig. 4
MMP-2 plasma levels in and COVID-19 patients that received inhibitor of renin-angiotensin system (iRAAS) treatment before hospitalization (COVID-19 on-iRAAS, n = 24) and COVID-19 patients without iRAAS treatment before hospitalization (COVID-19 off-iRAAS, n = 29)(A); MMP-2 plasma levels in COVID-19 patients that received corticosteroid treatment (COVID-19 on-corticosteroid, n = 47) and COVID-19 patients that without corticosteroid treatment (COVID-19 off-corticosteroid, n = 6) in the first day of hospitalization (B); MMP-2 plasma levels in and COVID-19 patients that had Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) during hospitalisation (without AKI, n = 27) and COVID-19 patients with AKI during hospitalization (with AKI, n = 26) (C); MMP-9 plasma levels in COVID-19 patients that received iRAAS treatment before hospitalization (COVID-19 on-iRAAS, n = 24) and COVID-19 patients without iRAAS treatment before hospitalization (COVID-19 off-iRAAS, n = 29) (D); MMP-9 plasma levels in COVID-19 patients that received corticosteroid treatment (COVID-19 on-corticosteroid, n = 47) and COVID-19 patients that without corticosteroid treatment (COVID-19 off-corticosteroid, n = 6) in the first day of hospitalization (E); MMP-2 plasma levels in and COVID-19 patients that had Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) during hospitalisation (without AKI, n = 27) and COVID-19 patients with AKI during hospitalization (with AKI, n = 26) (F). Data are presented as mean ± SEM, normalized to group not on medication or who had no AKI, *p 

Fig. 5

Relationship between MMP-2 plasmatic levels…

Fig. 5

Relationship between MMP-2 plasmatic levels (A), MMP-9 plasmatic levels (B), and death in…

Fig. 5
Relationship between MMP-2 plasmatic levels (A), MMP-9 plasmatic levels (B), and death in survivor (n = 30) and non-survivor (n = 23) groups on the first day after admission in ICU care. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, normalized to survivor group, *p 

Fig. 6

Mortality prediction showed on the…

Fig. 6

Mortality prediction showed on the ROC curve including SAPS3 and SOFA scores ability…

Fig. 6
Mortality prediction showed on the ROC curve including SAPS3 and SOFA scores ability to predict death on COVID-19 severe patients analyzed by multiple logistic regression AUC= 0.651, p = 0.062 (A); Mortality prediction showed on the ROC curve including MMP-2, MMP-9 associated with BMI, age, AKI and hypertension ability to predict death on COVID-19 severe patients analyzed by multiple logistic regression AUC= 0.864, p 
All figures (7)
Similar articles
Cited by
References
    1. COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU). https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html (Accessed 1 August 2021).
    1. Hoffmann M., Kleine-Weber H., Schroeder S., Krüger N., Herrler T., Erichsen S., Schiergens T.S., Herrler G., Wu N.-H., Nitsche A., Müller M.A., Drosten C., Pöhlmann S. SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ace2 and tmprss2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor. Cell. 2020;181:271–280. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Tang D., Comish P., Kang R. The hallmarks of COVID-19 disease. PLoS Pathog. 2020;16 doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008536. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Costela-Ruiz V.J., Illescas-Montes R., Puerta-Puerta J.M., Ruiz C., Melguizo-Rodríguez L. SARS-CoV-2 infection: The role of cytokines in COVID-19 disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2020;54:62–75. doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.06.001. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Kong M., Zhang H., Cao X., Mao X., Lu Z. Higher level of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte is associated with severe COVID-19. Epidemiol. Infect. 2020;148 doi: 10.1017/S0950268820001557. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Show all 65 references
MeSH terms
Substances
[x]
Cite
Copy Download .nbib
Format: AMA APA MLA NLM

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Relationship between MMP-2 plasmatic levels (A), MMP-9 plasmatic levels (B), and death in survivor (n = 30) and non-survivor (n = 23) groups on the first day after admission in ICU care. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, normalized to survivor group, *p 

Fig. 6

Mortality prediction showed on the…

Fig. 6

Mortality prediction showed on the ROC curve including SAPS3 and SOFA scores ability…

Fig. 6
Mortality prediction showed on the ROC curve including SAPS3 and SOFA scores ability to predict death on COVID-19 severe patients analyzed by multiple logistic regression AUC= 0.651, p = 0.062 (A); Mortality prediction showed on the ROC curve including MMP-2, MMP-9 associated with BMI, age, AKI and hypertension ability to predict death on COVID-19 severe patients analyzed by multiple logistic regression AUC= 0.864, p 
All figures (7)
Similar articles
Cited by
References
    1. COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU). https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html (Accessed 1 August 2021).
    1. Hoffmann M., Kleine-Weber H., Schroeder S., Krüger N., Herrler T., Erichsen S., Schiergens T.S., Herrler G., Wu N.-H., Nitsche A., Müller M.A., Drosten C., Pöhlmann S. SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ace2 and tmprss2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor. Cell. 2020;181:271–280. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Tang D., Comish P., Kang R. The hallmarks of COVID-19 disease. PLoS Pathog. 2020;16 doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008536. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Costela-Ruiz V.J., Illescas-Montes R., Puerta-Puerta J.M., Ruiz C., Melguizo-Rodríguez L. SARS-CoV-2 infection: The role of cytokines in COVID-19 disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2020;54:62–75. doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.06.001. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Kong M., Zhang H., Cao X., Mao X., Lu Z. Higher level of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte is associated with severe COVID-19. Epidemiol. Infect. 2020;148 doi: 10.1017/S0950268820001557. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Show all 65 references
MeSH terms
Substances
[x]
Cite
Copy Download .nbib
Format: AMA APA MLA NLM
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Mortality prediction showed on the ROC curve including SAPS3 and SOFA scores ability to predict death on COVID-19 severe patients analyzed by multiple logistic regression AUC= 0.651, p = 0.062 (A); Mortality prediction showed on the ROC curve including MMP-2, MMP-9 associated with BMI, age, AKI and hypertension ability to predict death on COVID-19 severe patients analyzed by multiple logistic regression AUC= 0.864, p 
All figures (7)

References

    1. COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU). (Accessed 1 August 2021).
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