Platelet-rich plasma: quantitative assessment of growth factor levels and comparative analysis of activated and inactivated groups

Jeong Woo Lee, O Hyun Kwon, Taek Kyun Kim, Young Kyoo Cho, Kang Young Choi, Ho Yun Chung, Byung Chae Cho, Jung Dug Yang, Jun Ho Shin, Jeong Woo Lee, O Hyun Kwon, Taek Kyun Kim, Young Kyoo Cho, Kang Young Choi, Ho Yun Chung, Byung Chae Cho, Jung Dug Yang, Jun Ho Shin

Abstract

Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has more concentrated platelets than normal plasma (approximately 150-400×10(3) cell/dL). Platelets excrete several growth factors and cytokines that are associated with the healing and regeneration process. However, even though PRP is widely used, the mechanism or actual effect is presently unclear. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the levels of growth factors and platelet concentration rate.

Methods: Autologous blood for preparing PRP was obtained from healthy subjects aged 25 to 35 years. The samples were divided into 4 experimental groups (inactivated whole blood, inactivated PRP, activated whole blood with thrombin and calcium chloride, and activated PRP). The platelet counts in the blood were analyzed and the growth factors were quantitatively measured. A statistical analysis was performed by using Dunn's multiple comparison test.

Results: In the blood cell analysis, the platelet count of the PRP group was approximately 4.25 times higher than that of the whole blood group. In the quantitative analysis of growth factors, the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AB, PDGF-BB, and transforming growth factor-β of the inactivated and activated PRP groups were higher than those of the inactivated and activated whole blood groups (P<0.05).

Conclusions: In this study, the platelet count and the levels of PDGF-AB and PDGF-BB in the PRP were determined. Further, more research is required on the bioactivity level of the growth factors secreted during the process of PRP preparation and the potency of growth factors that can be exerted physiologically in vivo.

Keywords: Platelet count; Platelet-derived growth factor; Platelet-rich plasma; Transforming growth factors.

Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Gross photo of the PRP manufacturing system The platelet-rich plasma (PRP) manufacturing system is composed of three kits and facilitates accurate extraction of the PRP. (A) Thrombo kit, (B) Centrifuge, (C) Extraction of PRP.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The comparison between whole blood and inactivated PRP The amounts of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AB, PDGF-BB, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β increased significantly in the platelet-rich plasma (PRP) group (Dunn's multiple comparison test, a)P<0.05).
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
A comparison of inactivated and activated PRP The difference between the inactivated PRP and activated PRP groups did not reach statistical significance (Dunn's multiple comparison test, P>0.05). PRP, platelet-rich plasma; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; TGF-β, transforming growth factor.

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