Role of αβ T Cell Depletion in Prevention of Graft versus Host Disease

Haitham Abdelhakim, Hisham Abdel-Azim, Ayman Saad, Haitham Abdelhakim, Hisham Abdel-Azim, Ayman Saad

Abstract

Graft versus host disease (GVHD) represents a major complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo HCT). Graft cellular manipulation has been used to mitigate the risk of GVHD. The αβ T cells are considered the primary culprit for causing GVHD therefore depletion of this T cell subset emerged as a promising cellular manipulation strategy to overcome the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) barrier of haploidentical (haplo) HCT. This approach is also being investigated in HLA-matched HCT. In several studies, αβ T cell depletion HCT has been performed without pharmacologic GVHD prophylaxis, thus unleashing favorable effect of donor's natural killer cells (NK) and γδ T cells. This article will discuss the evolution of this method in clinical practice and the clinical outcome as described in different clinical trials.

Keywords: graft versus host disease; haploidentical transplant; αβ T cells.

Conflict of interest statement

Ayman Saad declares Royalty for licensing of intellectual property (Incysus Biomedical), grant support (American Porphyria foundation), consultant fees (Actinium Pharma Inc, New York, NY, USA), Research support (Astellas and Fate Therapeutics), and Honoraria (Alexion and Spectrum Pharmaceutical). Other authors have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Immune balance between donor and recipient lymphocytes showing favorable (black) and unfavorable (red) effects played by each side. GVT = graft versus tumor.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Key Component of the stem cell graft.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Immuno-magnetic microbead depletion process of the αβ T cells.

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Source: PubMed

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