Cytokines, brain proteins, and growth factors in acute stroke patients: A pilot study

Atif Zafar, Mudassir Farooqui, Asad Ikram, Sajid Suriya, Duraisamy Kempuraj, Mohammad Khan, Nudrat Tasneem, Dania Qaryouti, Syed Quadri, Harold P Adams, Santiago Ortega-Gutierrez, Enrique Leira, Asgar Zaheer, Atif Zafar, Mudassir Farooqui, Asad Ikram, Sajid Suriya, Duraisamy Kempuraj, Mohammad Khan, Nudrat Tasneem, Dania Qaryouti, Syed Quadri, Harold P Adams, Santiago Ortega-Gutierrez, Enrique Leira, Asgar Zaheer

Abstract

Background: Immunomodulation and cell signaling involve several cytokines, proteins, and other mediators released in response to the trauma, inflammation, or other insults to the central nervous system. This pilot study is part of the registry designed to evaluate the temporal trends among these molecules after an acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in patients.

Methods: Twelve AIS patients were enrolled within 24 hours of the symptoms onset. Two sets of plasma samples were collected: First at admission and second at 24 hours after admission. Cytokines/chemokines and other inflammatory molecules were measured using multiplex assay kit.

Results: An increased trend in IL-6 (22 vs. 34 pg/ml), IL-8/CXCL8 (87 vs. 98 pg/ml), MMP-9 (16225 vs. 18450 pg/ml), and GMF-β (999 vs. 3739 pg/ml) levels was observed overtime after an AIS. Patients ≤60 years had lower levels of plasma MCP-1/CCL2 (50-647 vs. 150-1159 pg/ml), IL-6 (9-25 vs. 20-68 pg/ml), and IL-8 (30- 143 vs. 72-630 pg/ml), when compared with patients >60 years old.

Conclusion: Cytokines/chemokines and other inflammatory mediators play an important role in the pathogenesis of stroke in addition to mediating poststroke inflammation. Further research is needed to evaluate and characterize the cumulative trends of these mediators for the clinical prognosis or as surrogate biomarkers.

Keywords: Acute ischemic brain injury; Cytokine; Interleukin; Poststroke inflammation; Stroke.

Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Copyright: © 2021 Surgical Neurology International.

Figures

Figure 1:
Figure 1:
(a) Serum MMP-9 (b) IL-6, (c) IL-8, and (d) GMF-β levels among patients presenting

Figure 2:

(a) MCP/CCL2, (b) IL-6, and…

Figure 2:

(a) MCP/CCL2, (b) IL-6, and (c) IL-8 levels among patients with age ≤60…

Figure 2:
(a) MCP/CCL2, (b) IL-6, and (c) IL-8 levels among patients with age ≤60 years versus >60 years at baseline. MCP: Monocyte chemoattractant protein, IL: Interleukin.
Figure 2:
Figure 2:
(a) MCP/CCL2, (b) IL-6, and (c) IL-8 levels among patients with age ≤60 years versus >60 years at baseline. MCP: Monocyte chemoattractant protein, IL: Interleukin.

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