Growth outcomes of small for gestational age preterm infants before and after implementation of an exclusive human milk-based diet

Lindsay Fleig, Joseph Hagan, Martin L Lee, Steven A Abrams, Keli M Hawthorne, Amy B Hair, Lindsay Fleig, Joseph Hagan, Martin L Lee, Steven A Abrams, Keli M Hawthorne, Amy B Hair

Abstract

Objective: Small for gestational age (SGA) preterm infants (PT) are at greatest risk for growth failure. Our objective was to assess the impact of an exclusive human milk diet (HUM) on growth velocities and neonatal morbidities from birth to discharge in a SGA population.

Study design: Multicenter, retrospective cohort study, subgroup analysis of SGA PT comparing a cow's milk diet (CMD) with HUM diet.

Results: At birth 420 PT were classified as SGA (197 CMD group, 223 HUM group). Demographics and anthropometric measurements were similar. HUM group PT showed improvement in length Z score at discharge (p = 0.024) and reduction in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) (p = 0.004).

Conclusion: SGA PT fed a HUM diet had significantly decreased incidence of NEC, surgical NEC, and late-onset sepsis. Due to concerns about growth in a HUM diet, it is reassuring SGA infants fed the HUM diet had similar growth to CMD diet with trends toward improvement.

Conflict of interest statement

ABH receives research support from Prolacta Bioscience® for the Human Milk Cream Length of Stay Study and the Human Milk Cardiac Study and research support from Fresenius Kabi for the SMOF Premature Infant Randomized Controlled Trial. She received no outside funding for this study. Participated in all study aspects, assisted in study design, data and statistical analysis, and co-wrote the manuscript. MLL is an employee of Prolacta Bioscience. KMH is a member of Prolacta’s speaker bureau. All other authors declare no conflict of interest.

© 2021. The Author(s).

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Source: PubMed

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