Aerobic physical exercise for adult patients with haematological malignancies

Linus Knips, Nils Bergenthal, Fiona Streckmann, Ina Monsef, Thomas Elter, Nicole Skoetz, Linus Knips, Nils Bergenthal, Fiona Streckmann, Ina Monsef, Thomas Elter, Nicole Skoetz

Abstract

Background: Although people with haematological malignancies have to endure long phases of therapy and immobility, which is known to diminish their physical performance level, the advice to rest and avoid intensive exercises is still common practice. This recommendation is partly due to the severe anaemia and thrombocytopenia from which many patients suffer. The inability to perform activities of daily living restricts them, diminishes their quality of life and can influence medical therapy.

Objectives: In this update of the original review (published in 2014) our main objective was to re-evaluate the efficacy, safety and feasibility of aerobic physical exercise for adults suffering from haematological malignancies considering the current state of knowledge.

Search methods: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (the Cochrane Library, 2018, Issue 7) and MEDLINE (1950 to July 2018) trials registries (ISRCTN, EU clinical trials register and clinicaltrials.gov) and conference proceedings. We did not apply any language restrictions. Two review authors independently screened search results, disagreements were solved by discussion.

Selection criteria: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing an aerobic physical exercise intervention, intending to improve the oxygen system, in addition to standard care with standard care only for adults suffering from haematological malignancies. We also included studies that evaluated aerobic exercise in addition to strength training. We excluded studies that investigated the effect of training programmes that were composed of yoga, tai chi chuan, qigong or similar types of exercise. We also excluded studies exploring the influence of strength training without additive aerobic exercise as well as studies assessing outcomes without any clinical impact.

Data collection and analysis: Two review authors independently screened search results, extracted data and assessed the quality of trials. We used risk ratios (RRs) for adverse events, mortality and 100-day survival, standardised mean differences (SMD) for quality of life (QoL), fatigue, and physical performance, and mean differences (MD) for anthropometric measurements.

Main results: In this update, nine trials could be added to the nine trials of the first version of the review, thus we included eighteen RCTs involving 1892 participants. Two of these studies (65 participants) did not provide data for our key outcomes (they analysed laboratory values only) and one study (40 patients) could not be included in the meta-analyses, as results were presented as changes scores only and not as endpoint scores. One trial (17 patients) did not report standard errors and could also not be included in meta-analyses. The overall potential risk of bias in the included trials is unclear, due to poor reporting.The majority of participants suffered from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), malignant lymphoma and multiple myeloma, and eight trials randomised people receiving stem cell transplantation. Mostly, the exercise intervention consisted of various walking intervention programmes with different duration and intensity levels.Our primary endpoint overall survival (OS) was only reported in one of these studies. The study authors found no evidence for a difference between both arms (RR = 0.67; P = 0.112). Six trials (one trial with four arms, analysed as two sub-studies) reported numbers of deceased participants during the course of the study or during the first 100 to 180 days. For the outcome mortality, there is no evidence for a difference between participants exercising and those in the control group (RR 1.10; 95% CI 0.79 to 1.52; P = 0.59; 1172 participants, low-certainty evidence).For the following outcomes, higher numbers indicate better outcomes, with 1 being the best result for the standardised mean differences. Eight studies analysed the influence of exercise intervention on QoL. It remains unclear, whether physical exercise improves QoL (SMD 0.11; 95% CI -0.03 to 0.24; 1259 participants, low-certainty evidence). There is also no evidence for a difference for the subscales physical functioning (SMD 0.15; 95% CI -0.01 to 0.32; 8 trials, 1329 participants, low-certainty evidence) and anxiety (SMD 0.03; 95% CI -0.30 to 0.36; 6 trials, 445 participants, very low-certainty evidence). Depression might slightly be improved by exercising (SMD 0.19; 95% CI 0.0 to 0.38; 6 trials, 445 participants, low-certainty evidence). There is moderate-certainty evidence that exercise probably improves fatigue (SMD 0.31; 95% CI 0.13 to 0.48; 9 trials, 826 patients).Six trials (435 participants) investigated serious adverse events. We are very uncertain, whether additional exercise leads to more serious adverse events (RR 1.39; 95% CI 0.94 to 2.06), based on very low-certainty evidence.In addition, we are aware of four ongoing trials. However, none of these trials stated, how many patients they will recruit and when the studies will be completed, thus, potential influence of these trials for the current analyses remains unclear.

Authors' conclusions: Eighteen, mostly small RCTs did not identify evidence for a difference in terms of mortality. Physical exercise added to standard care might improve fatigue and depression. Currently, there is inconclusive evidence regarding QoL, physical functioning, anxiety and SAEs .We need further trials with more participants and longer follow-up periods to evaluate the effects of exercise intervention for people suffering from haematological malignancies. To enhance comparability of study data, development and implementation of core sets of measuring devices would be helpful.

Conflict of interest statement

  1. Linus Knips: none known

  2. Nils Bergenthal: none known

  3. Fiona Streckmann: none known

  4. Ina Monsef: none known

  5. Thomas Elter: none known

  6. Nicole Skoetz: none known

Figures

1
1
Flow diagram.
2
2
'Risk of bias' graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.
3
3
'Risk of bias' summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.
4
4
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, outcome: 1.2 Mortality.
5
5
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, outcome: 1.4 Quality of life (QoL).
6
6
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, outcome: 1.15 Fatigue.
1.1. Analysis
1.1. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 1 Mortality: SCT versus no SCT.
1.2. Analysis
1.2. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 2 Mortality.
1.3. Analysis
1.3. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 3 Mortality sensitivity analysis: high risk of bias versus low risk of bias.
1.4. Analysis
1.4. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 4 Quality of life (QoL).
1.5. Analysis
1.5. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 5 QoL: SCT versus no SCT.
1.6. Analysis
1.6. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 6 QoL sensitivity analysis: high risk of bias versus low risk of bias.
1.7. Analysis
1.7. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 7 Physical functioning/QoL.
1.8. Analysis
1.8. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 8 Physical functioning/QoL: SCT versus no SCT.
1.9. Analysis
1.9. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 9 Physical functioning/QoL sensitivity analysis: high risk of bias versus low risk of bias.
1.10. Analysis
1.10. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 10 Depression/QoL.
1.11. Analysis
1.11. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 11 Depression/QoL: SCT versus no SCT.
1.12. Analysis
1.12. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 12 Depression/QoL sensitivity analysis: high risk of bias versus low risk of bias.
1.13. Analysis
1.13. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 13 Anxiety/QoL.
1.14. Analysis
1.14. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 14 Anxiety/QoL: SCT versus no SCT.
1.15. Analysis
1.15. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 15 Fatigue.
1.16. Analysis
1.16. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 16 Anxiety/QoL sensitivity analysis: high risk of bias versus low risk of bias.
1.17. Analysis
1.17. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 17 Fatigue: SCT versus no SCT.
1.18. Analysis
1.18. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 18 Fatigue sensitivity analysis: high risk of bias versus low risk of bias.
1.19. Analysis
1.19. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 19 Weight.
1.20. Analysis
1.20. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 20 Weight SCT: versus no SCT.
1.21. Analysis
1.21. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 21 Weight sensitivity analysis: high risk of bias versus low risk of bias.
1.22. Analysis
1.22. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 22 Lean body mass.
1.23. Analysis
1.23. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 23 Lean body mass: SCT versus no SCT.
1.24. Analysis
1.24. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 24 Lean body mass sensitivity analysis: high risk of bias versus low risk of bias.
1.25. Analysis
1.25. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 25 Serious adverse events (SAEs).
1.26. Analysis
1.26. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 26 Serious adverse events (SAEs): SCT versus no SCT.
1.27. Analysis
1.27. Analysis
Comparison 1 Physical exercise versus no physical exercise, Outcome 27 Serious adverse events (SAEs) sensitivity analysis: high risk of bias versus low risk of bias.

References

References to studies included in this review Alibhai 2014 {published data only}

    1. Alibhai SM, Durbano H, Breunis S, Brandwein H, Timilshina JM, Tomlinson N. A phase II exercise randomized controlled trial for patients with acute myeloid leukemia undergoing induction chemotherapy. Leukemia Research 2015;11:no pagination.
    1. Alibhai SM, O'Neill S, Fisher‐Schlombs K, Breunis H, Timilshina N, Brandwein JM, et al. A pilot phase II RCT of a home‐based exercise intervention for survivors of AML. Supportive Care in Cancer 2014;22(4):881‐9.
    1. Alibhai SMH, Durbano S, Timilshina N, Breunis H, Brandwein J, Tomlinson G, et al. A phase II exercise RCT for AML patients undergoing induction chemotherapy. Supportive Care in Cancer 2014, issue 1 suppl. 1:S202‐s203.
Baumann 2010 {published data only}
    1. Baumann FT, Kraut L, Schule K, Bloch W, Fauser AA. A controlled randomized study examining the effects of exercise therapy on patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplantation 2010;45(2):355‐62. [PUBMED: 19597418]
    1. Baumann FT, Zopf EM, Nykamp E, Kraut L, Schule K, Elter T, et al. Physical activity for patients undergoing an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: benefits of a moderate exercise intervention. European Journal of Haematology 2011;87(2):148‐56. [PUBMED: 21545527]
Bryant 2018 {published data only}
    1. Bryant AL, Deal AM, Battaglini CL, Phillips B, Pergolotti M, Coffman E, et al. The effects of exercise on patient‐reported outcomes and performance‐based physical function in adults with acute leukemia undergoing induction therapy. Integrative Cancer Therapies 2018;17(2):263‐70. [PUBMED: 28627275]
Chang 2008 {published data only}
    1. Chang PH, Lai YH, Shun SC, Lin LY, Chen ML, Yang Y, et al. Effects of a walking intervention on fatigue‐related experiences of hospitalized acute myelogenous leukemia patients undergoing chemotherapy: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2008;35(5):524‐34. [PUBMED: 18280104]
Coleman 2003 {published data only}
    1. Coleman EA, Coon S, Hall‐Barrow J, Richards K, Gaylor D, Stewart B. Feasibility of exercise during treatment for multiple myeloma. Cancer Nursing 2003;26(5):410‐9. [PUBMED: 14710804]
    1. Coleman EA, Hall‐Barrow J, Coon S, Stewart CB. Facilitating exercise adherence for patients with multiple myeloma. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing 2003;7(5):529‐34, 540. [PUBMED: 14603549]
Coleman 2012 {published data only}
    1. Coleman EA, Anaissie E, Coon SK, Stewart CB, Shaw J, Barlogie B. A randomized trial of home‐based exercise for patients receiving aggressive treatment and epoetin alfa for multiple myeloma: Hemoglobin (Hb), transfusion, fatigue and performance as outcomes [abstract]. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2004:731.
    1. Coleman EA, Coon SK, Kennedy R, Lockhart K, Anaissie EJ, Barlogie B. Benefits of exercise in combination with epoetin alfa for multiple myeloma [Abstract No. 8605]. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2006:494.
    1. Coleman EA, Coon SK, Kennedy RL, Lockhart KD, Stewart CB, Anaissie EJ, et al. Effects of exercise in combination with epoetin alfa during high‐dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. Oncology Nursing Forum 2008;35(3):E53‐61. [PUBMED: 18467280]
    1. Coleman EA, Goodwin JA, Kennedy R, Coon SK, Richards K, Enderlin C, et al. Effects of exercise on fatigue, sleep, and performance: a randomized trial. Oncology Nursing Forum 2012;39(5):468‐77. [PUBMED: 22940511]
Courneya 2009 {published data only}
    1. Courneya KS, Friedenreich CM, Franco‐Villalobos C, Crawford JJ, Chua N, Basi S, et al. Effects of supervised exercise on progression‐free survival in lymphoma patients: an exploratory follow‐up of the HELP Trial. Cancer Causes & Control 2015;26:269‐76.
    1. Courneya KS, Jones LW, Peddle CJ, Sellar CM, Reiman T, Joy AA, et al. Effects of aerobic exercise training in anemic cancer patients receiving darbepoetin alfa: a randomized controlled trial. Oncologist 2008;13(9):1012‐20. [PUBMED: 18779540]
    1. Courneya KS, Sellar CM, Stevinson C, McNeely ML, Friedenreich CM, Peddle CJ, et al. Moderator effects in a randomized controlled trial of exercise training in lymphoma patients. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 2009;18(10):2600‐7. [PUBMED: 19815635]
    1. Courneya KS, Sellar CM, Stevinson C, McNeely ML, Peddle CJ, Friedenreich CM, et al. Randomized controlled trial of the effects of aerobic exercise on physical functioning and quality of life in lymphoma patients. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2009;27(27):4605‐12. [PUBMED: 19687337]
    1. Courneya KS, Sellar CM, Trinh L, Forbes CC, Stevinson C, McNeely ML, et al. A randomized trial of aerobic exercise and sleep quality in lymphoma patients receiving chemotherapy or no treatments. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 2012;21(6):887‐94. [PUBMED: 22523181]
    1. Courneya KS, Stevinson C, McNeely ML, Sellar CM, Friedenreich CM, Peddle‐McIntyre CJ, et al. Effects of supervised exercise on motivational outcomes and longer‐term behavior. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 2012;44(3):542‐9. [PUBMED: 21814149]
    1. Courneya KS, Stevinson C, McNeely ML, Sellar CM, Friedenreich CM, Peddle‐McIntyre CJ, et al. Predictors of follow‐up exercise behavior 6 months after a randomized trial of supervised exercise training in lymphoma patients. Psycho‐Oncology 2012;21(10):1124‐31. [PUBMED: 21766483]
    1. Courneya KS, Stevinson C, McNeely ML, Sellar CM, Peddle CJ, Friedenreich CM, et al. Predictors of adherence to supervised exercise in lymphoma patients participating in a randomized controlled trial. Annals of Behavioral Medicine 2010;40(1):30‐9. [PUBMED: 20563764]
Cunningham 1986 {published data only}
    1. Cunningham BA, Morris G, Cheney CL, Buergel N, Aker SN, Lenssen P. Effects of resistive exercise on skeletal muscle in marrow transplant recipients receiving total parenteral nutrition. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 1986;10(6):558‐63. [PUBMED: 3098997]
DeFor 2007 {published data only}
    1. DeFor TE, Burns LJ, Gold EM, Weisdorf DJ. A randomized trial of the effect of a walking regimen on the functional status of 100 adult allogeneic donor hematopoietic cell transplant patients. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 2007;13(8):948‐55. [PUBMED: 17640599]
Furzer 2016 {published data only}
    1. Furzer BJ, Ackland TR, Wallman KE, Petterson AS, Gordon SM, Wright KE, et al. A randomised controlled trial comparing the effects of a 12‐week supervised exercise versus usual care on outcomes in haematological cancer patients. Supportive Care in Cancer 2016; Vol. 24, issue 4:1697‐707.
Jacobsen 2014 {published data only}
    1. Jacobsen PB, Le‐Rademacher J, Jim H, Syrjala K, Wingard JR, Logan B, et al. Exercise and stress management training prior to hematopoietic cell transplantation: Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network (BMT CTN) 0902. Biology of Blood & Marrow Transplantation 2014;20:1530‐6.
Jacobsen 2014a {published data only}
    1. Jacobsen PB, Le‐Rademacher J, Jim H, Syrjala K, Wingard JR, Logan B, et al. Exercise and stress management training prior to hematopoietic cell transplantation: Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network (BMT CTN) 0902. Biology of Blood & Marrow Transplantation 2014;20:1530‐6.
Jacobsen 2014b {published data only}
    1. Jacobsen PB, Le‐Rademacher J, Jim H, Syrjala K, Wingard JR, Logan B, et al. Exercise and stress management training prior to hematopoietic cell transplantation: Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network (BMT CTN) 0902. Biology of Blood & Marrow Transplantation 2014;20:1530‐6.
Jarden 2016 {published data only}
    1. Jarden M, Moller T, Bang Christensen K, Birgens H, Kjeldsen L, Adamsen L. Patient activation through counseling and exercise ‐ Acute leukemia (PACE‐AL) trial ‐ A randomized controlled trial. Supportive Care in Cancer. 2015, issue 1 suppl 1:s296.
    1. Jarden M, Moller T, Kjeldsen L, Birgens H, Birgens K, Adamsen L. Effect of exercise and counseling integrated in the clinical management of acute leukemia on physical function and quality of life during consolidation chemotherapy: a multicenter randomized trial. Haematologica. 2016:594.
    1. Jarden M, Moller T, Kjeldsen L, Birgens H, Christensen JF, Bang Christensen K, et al. Patient Activation through Counseling and Exercise‐‐Acute Leukemia (PACE‐AL)‐‐a randomized controlled trial. BMC Cancer 2013;13:446.
    1. Jarden M, Møller T, Christensen KB, Kjeldsen L, Birgens HS, Adamsen L. Multimodal intervention integrated into the clinical management of acute leukemia improves physical function and quality of life during consolidation chemotherapy: a randomized trial ‘PACE‐AL’. Haematologica 2016;101:e316‐9.
Kim 2006 {published data only}
    1. Kim SD, Kim HS. A series of bed exercises to improve lymphocyte count in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation patients. European Journal of Cancer Care 2006;15(5):453‐7. [PUBMED: 17177902]
Knols 2011 {published data only}
    1. Knols RH, Bruin ED, Uebelhart D, Aufdemkampe G, Schanz U, Stenner‐Liewen F, et al. Effects of an outpatient physical exercise program on hematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation recipients: a randomized clinical trial. Bone Marrow Transplantation 2011;46(9):1245‐55. [PUBMED: 21132025]
Mello 2003 {published data only}
    1. Mello M, Tanaka C, Dulley FL. Effects of an exercise program on muscle performance in patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplantation 2003;32(7):723‐8. [PUBMED: 13130321]
Persoon 2017 {published data only}
    1. Persoon S, ChinAPaw MJ, Buffart LM, Liu RD, Wijermans P, Koene HR, et al. Randomized controlled trial on the effects of a supervised high intensity exercise program in patients with a hematologic malignancy treated with autologous stem cell transplantation: Results from the EXIST study. PLOS One 2017;12(7):e0181313. [PUBMED: 28727771]
    1. Persoon S, Chinapaw MJ, Buffart LM, Brug J, Kersten MJ, Nollet F. Lessons learnt from a process evaluation of an exercise intervention in patients treated with autologous stem cell transplantation. European Journal of Cancer Care 2018;27(1):1‐11.
    1. Persoon S, Kersten MJ, Chinapaw MJ, Buffart LM, Burghout H, Schep G, et al. Design of the EXercise Intervention after Stem cell Transplantation (EXIST) study: a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of an individualized high intensity physical exercise program on fitness and fatigue in patients with multiple myeloma or (non‐) Hodgkin's lymphoma treated with high dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. BMC Cancer 2010;10:671. [PUBMED: 21134270]
Streckmann 2014 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Streckmann F, Kneis S, Leifert JA, Baumann FT, Kleber M, Ihort G, et al. Exercise program improves therapy‐related side‐effects and quality of life in lymphoma patients undergoing therapy. Annals of Oncology 2014;25(2):493‐9. [PUBMED: 24478323]
Wiskemann 2015 {published data only}
    1. Wiskemann J, Dreger P, Schwerdtfeger R, Bondong A, Huber G, Kleindienst N, et al. Effects of a partly self‐administered exercise program before, during, and after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Blood 2011;117(9):2604‐13. [PUBMED: 21190995]
    1. Wiskemann J, Kleindienst N, Kuehl R, Dreger P, Schwerdtfeger R, Bohus M. Effects of physical exercise on survival after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. International Journal of Cancer 2015;137(11):2749‐56.
References to studies excluded from this review Broderick 2013 {published data only}
    1. Broderick JM, Guinan E, Kennedy MJ, Hollywood D, Courneya KS, Culos‐Reed SN, et al. Feasibility and efficacy of a supervised exercise intervention in de‐conditioned cancer survivors during the early survivorship phase: the PEACH trial. Journal of Cancer Survivorship 2013;7:551‐62.
Cohen 2004 {published data only}
    1. Cohen L, Warneke C, Fouladi RT, Rodriguez MA, Chaoul‐Reich A. Psychological adjustment and sleep quality in a randomized trial of the effects of a Tibetan yoga intervention in patients with lymphoma. Cancer 2004;100(10):2253‐60. [PUBMED: 15139072]
Forbes 2017 {published data only}
    1. Forbes CC, Blanchard CM, Mummery WK, Courneya KS. A pilot study on the motivational effects of an internet‐delivered physical activity behaviour change programme in Nova Scotian cancer survivors. Psychology & Health 2017;32(2):234‐52.
Grabenbauer 2016 {published data only}
    1. Grabenbauer A, Grabenbauer AJ, Lengenfelder R, Grabenbauer GG, Distel LV. Feasibility of a 12‐month‐exercise intervention during and after radiation and chemotherapy in cancer patients: impact on quality of life, peak oxygen consumption, and body composition. Radiation Oncology 2016;11:42.
Hacker 2011 {published data only}
    1. Hacker ED, Collins E, Park C, Peters T, Patel P, Rondelli D. Strength training to enhance early recovery after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 2017;23(4):659‐69.
    1. Hacker ED, Larson J, Kujath A, Peace D, Rondelli D, Gaston L. Strength training following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Cancer Nursing 2011;34(3):238‐49. [PUBMED: 21116175]
Hacker 2016 {published data only}
    1. Hacker ED, Collins E, Park C, Peters T, Rondelli D. Strength training to enhance early recovery following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management.. 2016, issue 6:e143‐4.
Hartman 2009 {published data only}
    1. Hartman A, Winkel ML, Beek RD, Muinck Keizer‐Schrama SM, Kemper HC, Hop WC, et al. A randomized trial investigating an exercise program to prevent reduction of bone mineral density and impairment of motor performance during treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatric Blood & Cancer 2009;53(1):64‐71. [PUBMED: 19283791]
Jarden 2009 {published data only}
    1. Jarden M, Nelausen K, Hovgaard D, Boesen E, Adamsen L. The effect of a multimodal intervention on treatment‐related symptoms in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2009;38(2):174‐90. [PUBMED: 19345060]
Jones 2014 {published data only}
    1. Jones LW, Douglas PS, Khouri MG, Mackey JR, Wojdyla D, Kraus WE, et al. Safety and efficacy of aerobic training in patients with cancer who have heart failure: an analysis of the HF‐ACTION randomized trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2014;32:2496‐502.
Kampshoff 2015 {published data only}
    1. Kampshoff CS, Chinapaw MJ, Brug J, Twisk JW, Schep G, Nijziel MR, et al. Randomized controlled trial of the effects of high intensity and low‐to‐moderate intensity exercise on physical fitness and fatigue in cancer survivors: results of the Resistance and Endurance exercise After ChemoTherapy (REACT) study. BMC Medicine 2015;13:275.
    1. Kampshoff CS, Mechelen W, Schep G, Nijziel MR, Witlox L, Bosman L, et al. Participation in and adherence to physical exercise after completion of primary cancer treatment. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition & Physical Activity 2016;13(1):100.
Kanera 2017 {published data only}
    1. Kanera IM, Willems RA, Bolman CA, Mesters I, Verboon P, Lechner L. Long‐term effects of a web‐based cancer aftercare intervention on moderate physical activity and vegetable consumption among early cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2017;14(1):19.
Marchese 2004 {published data only}
    1. Marchese VG, Chiarello LA, Lange BJ. Effects of physical therapy intervention for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatric Blood & Cancer 2004;42(2):127‐33. [PUBMED: 14752875]
Mayo 2014 {published data only}
    1. Mayo NE, Moriello C, Scott SC, Dawes D, Auais M, Chasen M. Pedometer‐facilitated walking intervention shows promising effectiveness for reducing cancer fatigue: a pilot randomized trial. Clinical Rehabilitation 2014;28:1198‐209.
Midtgaard 2013 {published data only}
    1. Midtgaard J, Christensen JF, Tolver A, Jones LW, Uth J, Rasmussen B, et al. Efficacy of multimodal exercise‐based rehabilitation on physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and patient‐reported outcomes in cancer survivors: a randomized, controlled trial. Annals of Oncology 2013;24(9):2267‐73.
Moyer‐Mileur 2009 {published data only}
    1. Moyer‐Mileur LJ, Ransdell L, Bruggers CS. Fitness of children with standard‐risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia during maintenance therapy: response to a home‐based exercise and nutrition program. Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology 2009;31(4):259‐66. [PUBMED: 19346877]
Oechsle 2014 {published data only}
    1. Oechsle K, Aslan Z, Suesse Y, Jensen W, Bokemeyer C, Wit M. Multimodal exercise training during myeloablative chemotherapy: a prospective randomized pilot trial. Supportive Care in Cancer 2014;22(1):63‐9.
Peoples 2017 {published data only}
    1. Peoples A, Peppone L, Lin PJ, Cole C, Heckler C, Janeslins M, et al. Influence of exercise on biomarkers of muscle immune response andmitochondrial damage and their relationship with cancer‐related fatigue (crf): a URCC NCORP study. Supportive Care in Cancer. 2017, issue 2 Supplement 1:S116.
PETRA study {published data only}
    1. Kuehl R, Scharhag‐Rosenberger F, Schommer K, Schmidt ME, Dreger P, Huber G, et al. Exercise intensity classification in cancer patients undergoing allogeneic HCT. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 2015;47(5):889‐95.
    1. Wiskemann J, Kuehl R, Dreger P, Huber G, Kleindienst N, Ulrich CM, et al. Physical Exercise Training versus Relaxation in Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (PETRA Study) ‐ Rationale and design of a randomized trial to evaluate a yearlong exercise intervention on overall survival and side‐effects after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. BMC Cancer 2015;15:619.
Prinsen 2013 {published data only}
    1. Prinsen H, Bleijenberg G, Heijmen L, Zwarts MJ, Leer JW, Heerschap A, et al. The role of physical activity and physical fitness in postcancer fatigue: a randomized controlled trial. Supportive Care in Cancer 2013;21(8):2279‐88.
    1. Prinsen H, Dijk JP, Zwarts MJ, Leer JW, Bleijenberg G, Laarhoven HW. The role of central and peripheral muscle fatigue in postcancer fatigue: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management 2015;49:173‐82.
Schumacher 2015a {published data only}
    1. Schumacher H, Struwe S, Greger N, Blaschke P, Freitag S, Junghanss C, et al. Prospective, randomized trial of physical function in patients before and after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 2015:S219.
Shelton 2009 {published data only}
    1. Shelton ML, Lee JQ, Morris GS, Massey PR, Kendall DG, Munsell MF, et al. A randomized control trial of a supervised versus a self‐directed exercise program for allogeneic stem cell transplant patients. Psycho‐Oncology 2009;18(4):353‐9. [PUBMED: 19117328]
Stacey 2016 {published data only}
    1. Stacey FG, James EL, Chapman K, Lubans DR. Social cognitive theory mediators of physical activity in a lifestyle program for cancer survivors and carers: findings from the ENRICH randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2016;13:49.
Tanir 2013 {published data only}
    1. Tanir MK, Kuguoglu S. Impact of exercise on lower activity levels in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a randomized controlled trial from Turkey. Rehabilitation Nursing Journal 2013;38(1):48‐59. [PUBMED: 23365005]
Thorsen 2005 {published data only}
    1. Thorsen L, Skovlund E, Stromme SB, Hornslien K, Dahl AA, Fossa SD. Effectiveness of physical activity on cardiorespiratory fitness and health‐related quality of life in young and middle‐aged cancer patients shortly after chemotherapy. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2005;23(10):2378‐88. [PUBMED: 15800330]
Toohey 2016 {published data only}
    1. Toohey K, Pumpa KL, Arnolda L, Cooke J, Yip D, Craft PS, et al. A pilot study examining the effects of low‐volume high‐intensity interval training and continuous low to moderate intensity training on quality of life, functional capacity and cardiovascular risk factors in cancer survivors. PeerJ 2016; Vol. 4:e:2613.
Tran 2016 {published data only}
    1. Tran H, Lin C, Yu F, Frederick A, Mieras M, Baccaglini L. A multicenter study on the relative effectiveness of a 12‐week physical training program for adults with an oncologic diagnosis. Support Care Cancer 2016;24(9):3705‐13.
Valle 2013 {published data only}
    1. Valle CG, Tate D F, Mayer DK, Allicock M, Cai J. A randomized trial of a Facebook‐based physical activity intervention for young adult cancer survivors. Journal of Cancer Survivorship 2013;7:355‐68.
Vallerand 2018 {published data only}
    1. Vallerand JR, Rhodes RE, Walker GJ, Courneya KS. Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an exercise telephone counseling intervention for hematologic cancer survivors: a phase II randomized controlled trial. Journal of Cancer Survivorship 2018;12(3):357‐70.
van Waart 2015 {published data only}
    1. Waart H, Stuiver MM, Harten WH, Geleijn E, Kieffer JM, Buffart LM, et al. Effect of low‐intensity physical activity and moderate‐ to high‐intensity physical exercise during adjuvant chemotherapy on physical fitness, fatigue, and chemotherapy completion rates: results of the PACES randomized clinical trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2015;33(17):1918‐27.
Yeh 2016 {published data only}
    1. Chuang TY, Yeh ML, Chung YC. A nurse facilitated mind‐body interactive exercise (Chan‐Chuang qigong) improves the health status of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma patients receiving chemotherapy: Randomised controlled trial. International Journal of Nursing Studies 2017;69:25‐33.
    1. Yeh ML, Chung YC. A randomized controlled trial of qigong on fatigue and sleep quality for non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma patients undergoing chemotherapy. European Journal of Oncology Nursing 2016;23:81‐6.
Zimmer 2014 {published data only}
    1. Zimmer P, Baumann FT, Bloch W, Schenk A, Koliamitra C, Jensen P, et al. Impact of exercise on pro inflammatory cytokine levels and epigenetic modulations of tumor‐competitive lymphocytes in Non‐Hodgkin‐Lymphoma patients‐randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Haematology 2014;93:527‐32.
References to studies awaiting assessment Wehrle 2018 {published data only}
    1. Wehrle A, Kneis S, Dickhuth HH, Gollhofer A, Bertz H. Endurance and resistance training in patients with acute leukemia undergoing induction chemotherapy‐a randomized pilot study. Supportive Care inCcancer. 2018.
References to ongoing studies Abildgaard 2018 {published data only}
    1. Larsen RF, Jarden M, Minet LR, Frolund UC, Abildgaard N. Supervised and home‐based exercise in patients newly diagnosed with multiple myeloma‐a randomized controlled feasibility study. Supportive Care in Cancer. 2018; Vol. 26, issue 2 Supplement 1:S282.
Courneya 2017 {published data only}
    1. Improving quality of life in hematologic cancer survivors by closing the exercise intention—behavior gap: a phase II randomized controlled trial of a theory‐based, telephone‐delivered exercise counselling intervention. Ongoing study February 2017.
Oberste 2016 {published data only}
    1. Oberste M, Elter T, Bloch W, Baumann F, Zimmer P. The effect of a chemotherapy accompanying 4‐week aerobic endurance exercise intervention on incidence and severity of cancer related cognitive impairments in leukemia patients. A randomized controlled trial. Oncology Research and Treatment. 2016:152.
    1. Zimmer P, Oberste M, Bloch W, Schenk A, Joisten N, Hartig P, et al. Impact of aerobic exercise training during chemotherapy on cancer related cognitive impairments in patients suffering from acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome ‐ Study protocol of a randomized placebo‐controlled trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2016;49:1‐5. [PUBMED: 27261170]
Walsh 2005 {published data only}
    1. Randomised controlled trial to investigate the effects of an exercise programme on physical performance and quality of life after a bone marrow transplant. Ongoing study November 2003, no further information when the trial will be terminated in study registry . The status still ongoing (last access 09.12.2018).
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References to other published versions of this review Bergenthal 2011
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Bergenthal 2014
    1. Bergenthal N, Will A, Streckmann F, Wolkewitz KD, Monsef I, Engert A, et al. Aerobic physical exercise for adult patients with haematological malignancies. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014, issue 11. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009075.pub2; CD009075]

Source: PubMed

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