The Effects of High-Intensity Multimodal Training in Apparently Healthy Populations: A Systematic Review

Tijana Sharp, Clementine Grandou, Aaron J Coutts, Lee Wallace, Tijana Sharp, Clementine Grandou, Aaron J Coutts, Lee Wallace

Abstract

Background: High-intensity multimodal training (HIMT) is emerging as a popular training method that combines aerobic and resistance training throughout a single exercise session. The current literature is limited by a lack of terminology that broadly encompasses all styles of combined aerobic and resistance training. The magnitude of chronic or long-term (i.e. ≥ 4 weeks) effects of HIMT participation on aerobic and muscular fitness also remains unclear. Additionally, one of many complex reasons for the growing popularity of HIMT may be attributed to the affective response to exercise, namely levels of enjoyment. However, this concept is not yet well understood across all styles of HIMT. A comprehensive systematic review is required to synthesise the available literature and attempt to provide an operational definition of HIMT to capture the breadth of combined training styles that exist.

Objective: The objective of this systematic review was to determine the chronic effects of HIMT participation on aerobic and muscular fitness and to compare HIMT to established concurrent training methods. Enjoyability and other adherence-related subjective responses were also examined in HIMT participants. This review critically assessed the level of evidence and feasibility of current HIMT guidelines.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus to identify studies up until March 2021.

Results: A total of 20 studies were included for review. Studies generally reported moderate to large effects on aerobic fitness and subjective responses in favour of HIMT interventions. Mixed outcomes were demonstrated in muscular fitness. These results should be treated with caution due to high risk of bias among included studies.

Conclusions: Few studies have assessed the chronic effects of HIMT participation on aerobic, and musculoskeletal adaptations and subjective responses, in particular exercise enjoyment. Research conclusions are limited by heterogeneity of experimental protocols and outcome measures. Furthermore, the inability of the literature to make adequate comparisons between various styles of HIMT and other concurrent training protocols limits understandings of the efficacy of HIMT. Registration This systematic review was registered on the Open Science Framework (10.17605/OSF.IO/2RE4B; 26 March 2021).

Keywords: Aerobic fitness; High-intensity; Multimodal training; Muscular fitness; Subjective responses.

Conflict of interest statement

Tijana Sharp, Clementine Grandou, Aaron J. Coutts and Lee Wallace declare that they have no conflicts of interest relevant to the content of this review.

© 2022. The Author(s).

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Description of relevant training modalities in the literature. HIIT high-intensity interval training, HIMT high-intensity multimodal training, WOD workout of the day, CINT circuit-type neuromuscular exercise training, HIPT high-intensity power training, HICTBW high-intensity circuit training with bodyweight, HIFT high-intensity functional training, RT resistance training, AT aerobic training
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
PRISMA flow diagram of systematic search and included studies NRCT non-randomised controlled trial
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Intervention and comparator protocols of included studies. HIMT high-intensity multimodal training; * concurrent aerobic and resistance training distributed into a single session, # concurrent aerobic and resistance training distributed on different days
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Effect sizes ± 95% confidence intervals of pre- to post-intervention between-group changes in a aerobic fitness for studies observing HIMT versus structured activity (concurrent training) and b muscular fitness for studies observing HIMT versus structured activity (concurrent training). HIMT high-intensity multimodal training, 1RM 1 repetition maximum, LB lower body, UB upper body, UBMPO upper body mean power output, LBPPO lower body peak power output, UBPPO upper body peak power output, LBMPO lower body mean power output, R right, L left, F female, M male, VO2max maximal oxygen uptake, HR heart rate

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