Reconstitution of the gut microbiota of antibiotic-treated patients by autologous fecal microbiota transplant
Ying Taur, Katharine Coyte, Jonas Schluter, Elizabeth Robilotti, Cesar Figueroa, Mergim Gjonbalaj, Eric R Littmann, Lilan Ling, Liza Miller, Yangtsho Gyaltshen, Emily Fontana, Sejal Morjaria, Boglarka Gyurkocza, Miguel-Angel Perales, Hugo Castro-Malaspina, Roni Tamari, Doris Ponce, Guenther Koehne, Juliet Barker, Ann Jakubowski, Esperanza Papadopoulos, Parastoo Dahi, Craig Sauter, Brian Shaffer, James W Young, Jonathan Peled, Richard C Meagher, Robert R Jenq, Marcel R M van den Brink, Sergio A Giralt, Eric G Pamer, Joao B Xavier, Ying Taur, Katharine Coyte, Jonas Schluter, Elizabeth Robilotti, Cesar Figueroa, Mergim Gjonbalaj, Eric R Littmann, Lilan Ling, Liza Miller, Yangtsho Gyaltshen, Emily Fontana, Sejal Morjaria, Boglarka Gyurkocza, Miguel-Angel Perales, Hugo Castro-Malaspina, Roni Tamari, Doris Ponce, Guenther Koehne, Juliet Barker, Ann Jakubowski, Esperanza Papadopoulos, Parastoo Dahi, Craig Sauter, Brian Shaffer, James W Young, Jonathan Peled, Richard C Meagher, Robert R Jenq, Marcel R M van den Brink, Sergio A Giralt, Eric G Pamer, Joao B Xavier
Abstract
Antibiotic treatment can deplete the commensal bacteria of a patient's gut microbiota and, paradoxically, increase their risk of subsequent infections. In allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), antibiotic administration is essential for optimal clinical outcomes but significantly disrupts intestinal microbiota diversity, leading to loss of many beneficial microbes. Although gut microbiota diversity loss during allo-HSCT is associated with increased mortality, approaches to reestablish depleted commensal bacteria have yet to be developed. We have initiated a randomized, controlled clinical trial of autologous fecal microbiota transplantation (auto-FMT) versus no intervention and have analyzed the intestinal microbiota profiles of 25 allo-HSCT patients (14 who received auto-FMT treatment and 11 control patients who did not). Changes in gut microbiota diversity and composition revealed that the auto-FMT intervention boosted microbial diversity and reestablished the intestinal microbiota composition that the patient had before antibiotic treatment and allo-HSCT. These results demonstrate the potential for fecal sample banking and posttreatment remediation of a patient's gut microbiota after microbiota-depleting antibiotic treatment during allo-HSCT.
Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.
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