Towards chemical characterization and possible applications of juçara fruit: an approach to remove Euterpe edulis Martius from the extinction list

Danielle Cunha de Souza Pereira, Flávia Dos Santos Gomes, Renata Valeriano Tonon, Carolina Beres, Lourdes Maria Corrêa Cabral, Danielle Cunha de Souza Pereira, Flávia Dos Santos Gomes, Renata Valeriano Tonon, Carolina Beres, Lourdes Maria Corrêa Cabral

Abstract

Juçara (Euterpe edulis Martius) is a palm widely distributed in the Atlantic Forest. It produces a non-climacteric, black-violet small fruit similar to the Amazonian açaí (Euterpe precatoria). The fruit is known as superfruit because it presents chemical characteristics of great importance, such as anthocyanins content. Regarding bioactive compounds and antioxidant scavenging capacity, it presents high anthocyanin (634.26 to 2,929 mg of cyanidin-3-glucoside 100 g-1) and total phenolic compounds (415.1 to 9,778.20 mg equivalents of gallic acid 100 g-1) contents. The soluble solid content ranges from 3.0 to 4.9% and its pH is higher than other tropical fruits (4.8 to 5.6). Despite the rich bioactive compound content of juçara fruits, this plant has been traditionally used for palm heart production. The accelerated and illegal palm heart exploitation, without the use of an adequate management has led to the risk of extinction of this species. In order to prevent this species from vanishing, several studies have valued the health characteristics of juçara fruit chemical composition. An economical approach has been the production of juçara pulp described as a source of bioactive compounds, which has attracted the attention of industrial field aiming the production of functional foods, foodstuff, cosmetics and pharmaceutical products. A full botanical and chemical characterization of juçara tree and fruit is presented in this paper, as well as suggestions to increase the use of this tropical fruit and derivatives.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-021-05342-8.

Keywords: Application; Brazil; Euterpe edulis Martius; Health benefits; Juçara; Market potential.

© Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India) 2021.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Original Atlantic Forest in Brazilian territory Legend: ~ Brazil states. Datum WGS-84
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Juçara palm tree and main applications (a), fruit in nature (b), fruit in cross section, evidencing the dark pulp* and white seed (c), fiber seed (d), fiber-free seed—endosperm (e)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Flow diagram of different methods of juçara fruit processing

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