Updated research nosology for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders

A Antinori, G Arendt, J T Becker, B J Brew, D A Byrd, M Cherner, D B Clifford, P Cinque, L G Epstein, K Goodkin, M Gisslen, I Grant, R K Heaton, J Joseph, K Marder, C M Marra, J C McArthur, M Nunn, R W Price, L Pulliam, K R Robertson, N Sacktor, V Valcour, V E Wojna, A Antinori, G Arendt, J T Becker, B J Brew, D A Byrd, M Cherner, D B Clifford, P Cinque, L G Epstein, K Goodkin, M Gisslen, I Grant, R K Heaton, J Joseph, K Marder, C M Marra, J C McArthur, M Nunn, R W Price, L Pulliam, K R Robertson, N Sacktor, V Valcour, V E Wojna

Abstract

In 1991, the AIDS Task Force of the American Academy of Neurology published nomenclature and research case definitions to guide the diagnosis of neurologic manifestations of HIV-1 infection. Now, 16 years later, the National Institute of Mental Health and the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke have charged a working group to critically review the adequacy and utility of these definitional criteria and to identify aspects that require updating. This report represents a majority view, and unanimity was not reached on all points. It reviews our collective experience with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), particularly since the advent of highly active antiretroviral treatment, and their definitional criteria; discusses the impact of comorbidities; and suggests inclusion of the term asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment to categorize individuals with subclinical impairment. An algorithm is proposed to assist in standardized diagnostic classification of HAND.