Alcohol and Illicit Drug Use Are Important Factors for School-Related Problems among Adolescents

Ove Heradstveit, Jens C Skogen, Jørn Hetland, Mari Hysing, Ove Heradstveit, Jens C Skogen, Jørn Hetland, Mari Hysing

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between alcohol and drug use, and school-related problems measured by low grade point average (GPA) and high school attendance. We also examined potential confounding effects from mental health problems. Although the issue is not new within current literature, the present study has its strengths in a large number of participants and the utilization of registry-based data on school-related functioning. A cross-sectional design is employed in this study using data from a large population-based sample of adolescents, youth@hordaland, in a linkage to official school registry data, and the current study presents data from N = 7,874. The main independent variables were alcohol use and drug use, as well as potential alcohol- and drug-related problems. The dependent variables were registry-based school attendance and grades. All the alcohol- and drug measures included were consistently associated with low GPA (Odds ratios (OR) ranging 1.82-2.21, all p < 0.001) and high levels of missed days from school (ORs ranging 1.79-3.04, all p < 0.001) and high levels of hours missed from school (ORs ranging 2.17-3.44, all p < 0.001). Even after adjusting for gender, age, socioeconomic status and mental health problems all the associations between alcohol and illicit drug use and the school-related outcomes remained statistically significant. Increasing number of indications on alcohol/drug-related problems and increasing levels of alcohol consumption were associated with more negative school-related outcomes. The results suggest that alcohol- and drug use, and particularly alcohol/drug-related problems, are important factors for school-related problems independently of mental health problems.

Keywords: alcohol and drug-related problems; alcohol use; grade point average (GPA); illicit drug use; school attendance; school-related problems.

References

    1. Agley J., Gassman R. A., Jun M., Nowicke C., Samuel S. (2015). Statewide administration of the CRAFFT screening tool: highlighting the spectrum of substance use. Subst. Use Misuse 50, 1668–1677. 10.3109/10826084.2015.1027930
    1. Balsa A. I., Giuliano L. M., French M. T. (2011). The effects of alcohol use on academic achievement in high school. Econ. Educ. Rev. 30, 1–15. 10.1016/j.econedurev.2010.06.015
    1. Birmaher B., Brent D. A., Chiappetta L., Bridge J., Monga S., Baugher M. (1999). Psychometric properties of the screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders (SCARED): a replication study. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 38, 1230–1236. 10.1097/00004583-199910000-00011
    1. Bøe T., Øerland S., Lundervold A. J., Hysing M. (2012). Socioeconomic status and children's mental health: results from the bergen child study. Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. 47, 1557–1566. 10.1007/s00127-011-0462-9
    1. Brière F. N., Fallu J.-S., Morizot J., Janosz M. (2014). Adolescent illicit drug use and subsequent academic and psychosocial adjustment: an examination of socially-mediated pathways. Drug Alcohol Depend. 135, 45–51. 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.10.029
    1. Bukstein O. G., Brent D. A., Kaminer Y. (1989). Comorbidity of substance abuse and other psychiatric disorders in adolescents. Am. J. Psychiatry 146, 1131–1141. 10.1176/ajp.146.9.1131
    1. Busch V., Loyen A., Lodder M., Schrijvers A. J., van Yperen T. A., de Leeuw J. R. (2014). The effects of adolescent health-related behavior on academic performance a systematic review of the longitudinal evidence. Rev. Educ. Res. 84, 245–274. 10.3102/0034654313518441
    1. Chassin L., Sher K. J., Hussong A., Curran P. (2013). The developmental psychopathology of alcohol use and alcohol disorders: research achievements and future directions. Dev. Psychopathol. 25, 1567–1584. 10.1017/S0954579413000771
    1. Chatterji P. (2006). Does alcohol use during high school affect educational attainment?: evidence from the national education longitudinal study. Econ. Educ. Rev. 25, 482–497. 10.1016/j.econedurev.2005.05.005
    1. Chou L.-C., Ho C.-Y., Chen C.-Y., Chen W. J. (2006). Truancy and illicit drug use among adolescents surveyed via street outreach. Addict. Behav. 31, 149–154. 10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.04.011
    1. Clark D. B., Pollock N., Bukstein O. G., Mezzich A. C., Bromberger J. T., Donovan J. E. (1997). Gender and comorbid psychopathology in adolescents with alcohol dependence. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 36, 1195–1203. 10.1097/00004583-199709000-00011
    1. Crosnoe R. (2006). The connection between academic failure and adolescent drinking in secondary school. Sociol. Educ. 79, 44–60. 10.1177/003804070607900103
    1. DeSimone J. (2010). Drinking and academic performance in high school. Appl. Econ. 42, 1481–1497. 10.1080/00036840701721554
    1. Dhalla S., Zumbo B., Poole G. (2011). A review of the psychometric properties of the CRAFFT instrument: 1999–2010. Curr. Drug Abuse Rev. 4, 57–64. 10.2174/1874473711104010057
    1. Ellickson P. L., Tucker J. S., Klein D. J. (2003). Ten-year prospective study of public health problems associated with early drinking. Pediatrics 111, 949–955. 10.1542/peds.111.5.949
    1. Engberg J., Morral A. R. (2006). Reducing substance use improves adolescents' school attendance. Addiction 101, 1741–1751. 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01544.x
    1. Folkehelseinstituttet (2010). The Hordaland Health Study 1997–1999. Bergen. Available online at:
    1. Hemphill S. A., Heerde J. A., Scholes-Balog K. E., Herrenkohl T. I., Toumbourou J. W., Catalano R. F. (2014). Effects of early adolescent alcohol use on mid-adolescent school performance and connection: a longitudinal study of students in Victoria, Australia and Washington State, United States. J. School Health 84, 706–715. 10.1111/josh.12201
    1. Henry K. L., Thornberry T. P. (2010). Truancy and escalation of substance use during adolescence. J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs 71:115. 10.15288/jsad.2010.71.115
    1. Hishinuma E. S., Chang J. Y., Goebert D. A., Nishimura S. T., Choi-Misailidis S., Andrade N. N. (2006). Substance use as a robust correlate of school outcome measures for ethnically diverse adolescents of Asian/Pacific Islander ancestry. School Psychol. Q. 21:286 10.1521/scpq.2006.21.3.286
    1. Homel J., Thompson K., Leadbeater B. (2014). Trajectories of marijuana use in youth ages 15–25: implications for postsecondary education experiences. J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs 75, 674–683. 10.15288/jsad.2014.75.674
    1. Horwood L. J., Fergusson D. M., Hayatbakhsh M. R., Najman J. M., Coffey C., Patton G. C., et al. . (2010). Cannabis use and educational achievement: findings from three Australasian cohort studies. Drug Alcohol Depend. 110, 247–253. 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.03.008
    1. Janosz M., LeBlanc M., Boulerice B., Tremblay R. E. (1997). Disentangling the weight of school dropout predictors: a test on two longitudinal samples. J. Youth Adolesc. 26, 733–762. 10.1023/A:1022300826371
    1. Kelly A. B., Evans-Whipp T. J., Smith R., Chan G. C., Toumbourou J. W., Patton G. C., et al. . (2015). A longitudinal study of the association of adolescent polydrug use, alcohol use and high school non-completion. Addiction 110, 627–635. 10.1111/add.12829
    1. Kessler R. C., Adler L. A., Gruber M. J., Sarawate C. A., Spencer T., Van Brunt D. L. (2007). Validity of the world health organization adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) screener in a representative sample of health plan members. Int. J. Methods Psychiatr. Res. 16, 52–65. 10.1002/mpr.208
    1. King K. M., Meehan B. T., Trim R. S., Chassin L. (2006). Marker or mediator? the effects of adolescent substance use on young adult educational attainment. Addiction 101, 1730–1740. 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01507.x
    1. Latvala A., Rose R. J., Pulkkinen L., Dick D. M., Korhonen T., Kaprio J. (2014). Drinking, smoking, and educational achievement: cross-lagged associations from adolescence to adulthood. Drug Alcohol Depend. 137, 106–113. 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.01.016
    1. Leach L. S., Butterworth P. (2012). The effect of early onset common mental disorders on educational attainment in Australia. Psychiatry Res. 199, 51–57. 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.03.040
    1. Lee S., Tsang A., Breslau J., Aguilar-Gaxiola S., Angermeyer M., Borges G., et al. . (2009). Mental disorders and termination of education in high-income and low-and middle-income countries: epidemiological study. Br. J. Psychiatry 194, 411–417. 10.1192/bjp.bp.108.054841
    1. Lucas C. P., Zhang H., Fisher P. W., Shaffer D., Regier D. A., Narrow W. E., et al. . (2001). The DISC Predictive Scales (DPS): efficiently screening for diagnoses. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 40, 443–449. 10.1097/00004583-200104000-00013
    1. Lundervold A. J., Breivik K., Posserud M.-B., Stormark K. M., Hysing M. (2013). Symptoms of depression as reported by Norwegian adolescents on the short mood and feelings questionnaire. Front. Psychol. 4:613. 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00613
    1. Oesterle T. S., Hitschfeld M. J., Lineberry T. W., Schneekloth T. D. (2015). CRAFFT as a substance use screening instrument for adolescent psychiatry admissions. J. Psychiatr. Pract. 21, 259–266. 10.1097/PRA.0000000000000083
    1. Olsson C. A., Romaniuk H., Salinger J., Staiger P. K., Bonomo Y., Hulbert C., et al. . (2016). Drinking patterns of adolescents who develop alcohol use disorders: results from the victorian adolescent health cohort study. BMJ Open 6:e010455. 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010455
    1. Perini L., Marti J. (2011). Substance Use And High School Academic Performance. Neuchâtel: Inst. de Recherches Economiques, Univ. de.
    1. Pilowsky D. J., Wu L.-T. (2013). Screening instruments for substance use and brief interventions targeting adolescents in primary care: a literature review. Addict. Behav. 38, 2146–2153. 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.01.015
    1. Renna F. (2007). The economic cost of teen drinking: late graduation and lowered earnings. Health Econ. 16, 407–419. 10.1002/hec.1178
    1. Roebuck M. C., French M. T., Dennis M. L. (2004). Adolescent marijuana use and school attendance. Econ. Educ. Rev. 23, 133–141. 10.1016/S0272-7757(03)00079-7
    1. Sabia J. J. (2010). Wastin'away in margaritaville? new evidence on the academic effects of teenage binge drinking. Contemp. Econ. Policy 28, 1–22. 10.1111/j.1465-7287.2008.00120.x
    1. Skogen J. C., Bøe T., Knudsen A. K., Hysing M. (2013). Psychometric properties and concurrent validity of the CRAFFT among Norwegian adolescents. Ung@ hordaland, a population-based study. Addict. Behav. 38, 2500–2505. 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.05.002
    1. Skogen J. C., Sivertsen B., Lundervold A. J., Stormark K. M., Jakobsen R., Hysing M. (2014). Alcohol and drug use among adolescents: and the co-occurrence of mental health problems. Ung@ hordaland, a population-based study. BMJ Open 4:e005357. 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005357
    1. StataCorp. (2015). Stata Statistical Software: Release 14. College Station, TX: StataCorp, L.P.
    1. Staff J., Patrick M. E., Loken E., Maggs J. L. (2008). Teenage alcohol use and educational attainment. J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs 69:848. 10.15288/jsad.2008.69.848
    1. Stiby A. I., Hickman M., Munafò M. R., Heron J., Yip V. L., Macleod J. (2015). Adolescent cannabis and tobacco use and educational outcomes at age 16: birth cohort study. Addiction 110, 658–668. 10.1111/add.12827
    1. Thapar A., McGuffin P. (1998). Validity of the shortened mood and feelings questionnaire in a community sample of children and adolescents: a preliminary research note. Psychiatry Res. 81, 259–268. 10.1016/S0165-1781(98)00073-0
    1. Van Ours J. C., Williams J. (2009). Why parents worry: initiation into cannabis use by youth and their educational attainment. J. Health Econ. 28, 132–142. 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2008.09.001
    1. Williams J., Powell L. M., Wechsler H. (2003). Does alcohol consumption reduce human capital accumulation? evidence from the college alcohol study. Appl. Econ. 35, 1227–1239. 10.1080/0003684032000090735
    1. Windle M. (2003). Alcohol use among adolescents and young adults. Population 45, 19–15. 10.1111/j.1532-7795.2006.00131.x

Source: PubMed

Patrocinadores y Colaboradores

Condiciones médicas

Intervenciones de drogas

3
Suscribir