The Content of Dietary Fibre and Polyphenols in Morphological Parts of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum)

Krzysztof Dziedzic, Danuta Górecka, Artur Szwengiel, Hanna Sulewska, Ivan Kreft, Elżbieta Gujska, Jarosław Walkowiak, Krzysztof Dziedzic, Danuta Górecka, Artur Szwengiel, Hanna Sulewska, Ivan Kreft, Elżbieta Gujska, Jarosław Walkowiak

Abstract

In this report, we presented the profile of polyphenolic substances in flowers, leaves, stalk and roots of Fagopyrum tataricum estimated by using RP-UHPLC-ESI-MS equipment (reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry). The neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, acid detergent lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose were also determined. Flowers, leaves, stalk and roots showed varying levels of dietary fibre and polyphenols. The highest content of neutral and acid detergent fibre were found in the roots (63.92 and 45.45% d.m., respectively) while the most rich in phenolic compounds were flowers (4.8 mg/1 g d.m.). Root and stalk contained the highest level of cellulose, 38.70 and 25.57% d.m., respectively. Among the investigated polyphenolic substances such as: 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydrobenzoic acid, caffeic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, fagopyrin, ferulic acid, myricetin, gallic acid, isovanilic acid, isovitexin, kaempferol, luteolin, p-coumaric acid, procyanidin B2, quercetin, quercetin 3-D galactoside, rutin, syringic acid and vitexin, we observed that the contents of rutin and chlorogenic acid were the highest. We found some correlation between dietary fibre fractions and individual phenolic substances. The levels of acid detergent fibre (ADF), cellulose and hemicellulose were negatively correlated with isovitexin, kaempferol, vitexin, fagopyrin, caffeic acid and procyanidin B2 content. In this investigation, two solvents (water and methanol) were estimated regarding their extraction efficiency of phenolic compounds. Taking these results into consideration, we recommend using methanol as the extractor to isolate chlorogenic acid, fagopyrin, kaempferol, procyanidin B2, quercetin, quercetin 3-D-galactoside, rutin, vitexin, and water for other investigated polyphenolic substances obtained from Fagopyrum tataricum.

Keywords: Dietary fibre; Methanol extract; Phenolic substances profile; Tartary buckwheat; Water extract.

Conflict of interest statement

Authors of this paper declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Results of cluster analysis, the variation of biophenolic components in plant parts of buckwheat (F – flower, L – leaf, S – stalk, R – root) based on the extractant used (MeOH – methanol, H2O – water). The normalization of scale tree to dlink/dmax / 100 was performed (d – distance, l – linkage, max – maximum of linkage Euclidean distance). Amalgamation rule: Ward’s method, distance metric: Euclidean distances
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
PCA of the loadings plot (A) and the score plot (B) for phenolic components in plant parts of buckwheat (F – flower, L – leaf, S – stalk, R – root) based on the extractant used (MeOH – methanol, H2O – water), the supplementary variables were indicated by superscript (*), the principal components were computed using only the active variables

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