Caffeine Use among Active Duty Navy and Marine Corps Personnel

Joseph J Knapik, Daniel W Trone, Susan McGraw, Ryan A Steelman, Krista G Austin, Harris R Lieberman, Joseph J Knapik, Daniel W Trone, Susan McGraw, Ryan A Steelman, Krista G Austin, Harris R Lieberman

Abstract

Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) indicate 89% of Americans regularly consume caffeine, but these data do not include military personnel. This cross-sectional study examined caffeine use in Navy and Marine Corps personnel, including prevalence, amount of daily consumption, and factors associated with use. A random sample of Navy and Marine Corps personnel was contacted and asked to complete a detailed questionnaire describing their use of caffeine-containing substances, in addition to their demographic, military, and lifestyle characteristics. A total of 1708 service members (SMs) completed the questionnaire. Overall, 87% reported using caffeinated beverages ≥1 time/week, with caffeine users consuming a mean ± standard error of 226 ± 5 mg/day (242 ± 7 mg/day for men, 183 ± 8 mg/day for women). The most commonly consumed caffeinated beverages (% users) were coffee (65%), colas (54%), teas (40%), and energy drinks (28%). Multivariable logistic regression modeling indicated that characteristics independently associated with caffeine use (≥1 time/week) included older age, white race/ethnicity, higher alcohol consumption, and participating in less resistance training. Prevalence of caffeine use in these SMs was similar to that reported in civilian investigations, but daily consumption (mg/day) was higher.

Keywords: alcohol; coffee; cola; demographics; energy drink; exercise; lifestyle characteristics; sleep; tea.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interests. Funding sponsors had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analysis, or interpretation of the data; in writing of the manuscript; and in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Daily average caffeine consumption of Navy and Marine Corps personnel.

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