Moderate Increase in Protein Intake Promotes a Small Additional Improvement in Functional Capacity, But Not in Muscle Strength and Lean Mass Quality, in Postmenopausal Women Following Resistance Exercise: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Paula C Nahas, Luana T Rossato, Fernanda M Martins, Aletéia P Souza, Flávia M S de Branco, Marcelo A S Carneiro, Kely R C Teixeira, Fábio L Orsatti, Erick P de Oliveira, Paula C Nahas, Luana T Rossato, Fernanda M Martins, Aletéia P Souza, Flávia M S de Branco, Marcelo A S Carneiro, Kely R C Teixeira, Fábio L Orsatti, Erick P de Oliveira

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a moderate increase in protein intake on muscle strength, functional capacity and lean mass quality improvements in postmenopausal women following resistance exercise. Forty-seven postmenopausal women were randomized in two groups: Normal protein (NP, n = 25), who received a dietary plan containing ~0.8 g protein·kg-1·d-1 (recommended dietary allowance-RDA recommendations); and higher protein (HP, n = 22), which a moderate increase in protein intake was recommended (~1.2 g protein·kg-1·d-1). Resistance training was performed for 10 weeks, three times/week. Muscle strength (handgrip strength and one repetition maximum test-1-RM), functional capacity and lean mass (LM) quality (muscle strength to lean mass ratio) were evaluated. Dietary intake was assessed by nine 24 h food recalls. After intervention, both groups increased similarly the leg extension 1-RM and handgrip strength. Regarding functional capacity tests, both groups increased the balance test score (SPPB) and 10 m walk test speed, with no differences between the groups. In addition, an increase in speed to perform the 6 min and 400 m walk tests was observed over the time, with an additional improvement in the HP group (time × group interaction; p = 0.007 and p = 0.004, respectively). About LM quality, leg extension 1-RM/leg LM improved over the time in both groups (p = 0.050), with no time × group interaction. All these significant changes had a low effect size. In conclusion, a moderate increase in protein intake promoted a small additional improvement in functional capacity, but it did not induce a greater increase in strength and LM quality after 10 weeks of resistance exercise in postmenopausal women. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03024125.

Keywords: dietary intervention; muscle function; muscle mass quality; muscle strength.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart of the individuals in the study.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Schematic overview of the study design. Notes: FP, familiarization period; 1-RM, one maximum repetition test; HGS, handgrip strength; LM, lean mass; REE, Resting Energy Expenditure.

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