Higher Protein Intake Does Not Improve Lean Mass Gain When Compared with RDA Recommendation in Postmenopausal Women Following Resistance Exercise Protocol: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Luana T Rossato, Paula C Nahas, Flávia M S de Branco, Fernanda M Martins, Aletéia P Souza, Marcelo A S Carneiro, Fábio L Orsatti, Erick P de Oliveira, Luana T Rossato, Paula C Nahas, Flávia M S de Branco, Fernanda M Martins, Aletéia P Souza, Marcelo A S Carneiro, Fábio L Orsatti, Erick P de Oliveira

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a higher protein intake on lean body mass (LBM) gain in postmenopausal women practicing resistance exercise and compare it to the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) recommendation. Twenty-three postmenopausal women (63.2 ± 7.8 years) were randomized into two groups. The group with higher protein intake (n = 11) (HP) received a dietary plan with ~1.2 g·kg-1·day-1 of protein, while the normal protein (NP) group (n = 12) was instructed to ingest ~0.8 g·kg-1·day-1 of protein (RDA recommendation). Both groups performed the same resistance training protocol, 3 times a week, with progression of the number of sets (from 1 to 6 sets) and 8-12 repetitions. The intervention occurred over 10 weeks. Body composition evaluation was performed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The diet was evaluated by nine 24-h food recall summaries over the course of the study. During the intervention period, the HP group presented a higher protein (1.18 ± 0.3 vs. 0.87 ± 0.2 g·kg-1·day-1, p = 0.008) and leucine (6.0 ± 1.4 vs. 4.3 ± 0.9 g/day, p < 0.001) intake than the NP group, respectively. At the end of the intervention, there were increases in LBM both in HP (37.1 ± 6.2 to 38.4 ± 6.5 kg, p = 0.004) and in NP (37.6 ± 6.2 to 38.8 ± 6.4 kg, p < 0.001), with no differences between the groups (p = 0.572). In conclusion, increased protein intake did not promote higher LBM gain when compared to RDA recommendation in postmenopausal women performing resistance exercise during 10 weeks. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03024125.

Keywords: RDA recommendations; body composition; leucine intake; postmenopausal women; protein.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Randomization of the individuals in the study.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Schematic overview diagram of the study protocol.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Daily intake of protein (A), BCAA (B) and leucine (C) at pre and during the study and respective deltas (D). Notes: DUR: during; Δ: delta values; BCAA: branched-chain amino acid. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) with sequential Sidak post hoc was performed to evaluate the intake between groups and moments; independent t-test was performed to evaluate the difference between deltas; *: different (p < 0.05) from delta NP. Different letters (a, b) mean p < 0.05. Circle sign is the value of each individual of the study.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Daily intake of protein (A), BCAA (B) and leucine (C) at pre and during the study and respective deltas (D). Notes: DUR: during; Δ: delta values; BCAA: branched-chain amino acid. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) with sequential Sidak post hoc was performed to evaluate the intake between groups and moments; independent t-test was performed to evaluate the difference between deltas; *: different (p < 0.05) from delta NP. Different letters (a, b) mean p < 0.05. Circle sign is the value of each individual of the study.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Distribution of protein (A) and leucine (B) according to meals of participants in the study. Notes: BR: breakfast; MS: morning snack; LU: lunch; AS: afternoon snack; DI: dinner; SU: supper. The darker rectangle in the graph represents the ideal amount that volunteers should achieve in consumption. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) with sequential Sidak post hoc. Different letters mean p < 0.05.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Total lean mass (TLM) (A), leg lean mass (LLM) (B), total fat mass (TFM) (C), and trunk fat mass (TrFM) (D) according to time and groups, and their respective deltas (E). Notes: Δ: delta values; Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) with sequential Sidak post hoc was performed to evaluate the intake between the groups and during the study; independent t-test was performed to evaluate the difference between deltas. Different letters (a, b) mean p < 0.05.

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