Antidepressant treatment history as a predictor of response to scopolamine: clinical implications

Abstract

Background: The intravenous administration of scopolamine produces rapid antidepressant effects. Generally, failing multiple previous antidepressant trials is associated with a poor prognosis for response to future medications. This study evaluated whether treatment history predicts antidepressant response to scopolamine.

Methods: Treatment resistant patients (2 failed medication trials) (n=31) and treatment naïve patients (no exposure to psychotropic medication) (n=31) with recurrent major depressive or bipolar disorder participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial. Following a placebo lead-in, participants randomly received P/S or S/P (P=3 placebo; S=3 scopolamine (4ug/kg) sessions 3 to 5 days apart). The Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) was the primary outcome measure. A linear mixed model was used to examine the interaction between clinical response and treatment history, adjusting for baseline MADRS.

Results: Treatment resistant and treatment naïve subjects combined responded significantly to scopolamine compared to placebo (F=15.06, p<0.001). Reduction in depressive symptoms was significant by the first post-scopolamine session (F=42.75, p<0.001). A treatment history by scopolamine session interaction (F=3.37, p=0.04) indicated treatment naïve subjects had lower MADRS scores than treatment resistant patients; this was significant after the second scopolamine infusion (t=2.15, p=0.03).

Limitations: Post-hoc analysis: Also, we used a single regimen to administer scopolamine, and smokers were excluded from the sample, limiting generalizability.

Conclusions: Treatment naïve and treatment resistant patients showed improved clinical symptoms following scopolamine, while those who were treatment naïve showed greater improvement. Scopolamine rapidly reduces symptoms in both treatment history groups, and demonstrates sustained improvement even in treatment resistant patients.

Keywords: Antidepressant; Depression; Scopolamine; Treatment history; Treatment resistant.

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest

All other authors declare they have no conflicts of interest.

Published by Elsevier B.V.

Figures

Figure 1

MADRS scores across sessions are shown for the scopolamine (A) and placebo (B) study blocks. Mean MADRS ± SE is shown for the treatment resistant (red) and treatment naïve (blue) patient groups.