Genetic and environmental influences on height from infancy to early adulthood: An individual-based pooled analysis of 45 twin cohorts

Aline Jelenkovic, Reijo Sund, Yoon-Mi Hur, Yoshie Yokoyama, Jacob V B Hjelmborg, Sören Möller, Chika Honda, Patrik K E Magnusson, Nancy L Pedersen, Syuichi Ooki, Sari Aaltonen, Maria A Stazi, Corrado Fagnani, Cristina D'Ippolito, Duarte L Freitas, José Antonio Maia, Fuling Ji, Feng Ning, Zengchang Pang, Esther Rebato, Andreas Busjahn, Christian Kandler, Kimberly J Saudino, Kerry L Jang, Wendy Cozen, Amie E Hwang, Thomas M Mack, Wenjing Gao, Canqing Yu, Liming Li, Robin P Corley, Brooke M Huibregtse, Catherine A Derom, Robert F Vlietinck, Ruth J F Loos, Kauko Heikkilä, Jane Wardle, Clare H Llewellyn, Abigail Fisher, Tom A McAdams, Thalia C Eley, Alice M Gregory, Mingguang He, Xiaohu Ding, Morten Bjerregaard-Andersen, Henning Beck-Nielsen, Morten Sodemann, Adam D Tarnoki, David L Tarnoki, Ariel Knafo-Noam, David Mankuta, Lior Abramson, S Alexandra Burt, Kelly L Klump, Judy L Silberg, Lindon J Eaves, Hermine H Maes, Robert F Krueger, Matt McGue, Shandell Pahlen, Margaret Gatz, David A Butler, Meike Bartels, Toos C E M van Beijsterveldt, Jeffrey M Craig, Richard Saffery, Lise Dubois, Michel Boivin, Mara Brendgen, Ginette Dionne, Frank Vitaro, Nicholas G Martin, Sarah E Medland, Grant W Montgomery, Gary E Swan, Ruth Krasnow, Per Tynelius, Paul Lichtenstein, Claire M A Haworth, Robert Plomin, Gombojav Bayasgalan, Danshiitsoodol Narandalai, K Paige Harden, Elliot M Tucker-Drob, Timothy Spector, Massimo Mangino, Genevieve Lachance, Laura A Baker, Catherine Tuvblad, Glen E Duncan, Dedra Buchwald, Gonneke Willemsen, Axel Skytthe, Kirsten O Kyvik, Kaare Christensen, Sevgi Y Öncel, Fazil Aliev, Finn Rasmussen, Jack H Goldberg, Thorkild I A Sørensen, Dorret I Boomsma, Jaakko Kaprio, Karri Silventoinen, Aline Jelenkovic, Reijo Sund, Yoon-Mi Hur, Yoshie Yokoyama, Jacob V B Hjelmborg, Sören Möller, Chika Honda, Patrik K E Magnusson, Nancy L Pedersen, Syuichi Ooki, Sari Aaltonen, Maria A Stazi, Corrado Fagnani, Cristina D'Ippolito, Duarte L Freitas, José Antonio Maia, Fuling Ji, Feng Ning, Zengchang Pang, Esther Rebato, Andreas Busjahn, Christian Kandler, Kimberly J Saudino, Kerry L Jang, Wendy Cozen, Amie E Hwang, Thomas M Mack, Wenjing Gao, Canqing Yu, Liming Li, Robin P Corley, Brooke M Huibregtse, Catherine A Derom, Robert F Vlietinck, Ruth J F Loos, Kauko Heikkilä, Jane Wardle, Clare H Llewellyn, Abigail Fisher, Tom A McAdams, Thalia C Eley, Alice M Gregory, Mingguang He, Xiaohu Ding, Morten Bjerregaard-Andersen, Henning Beck-Nielsen, Morten Sodemann, Adam D Tarnoki, David L Tarnoki, Ariel Knafo-Noam, David Mankuta, Lior Abramson, S Alexandra Burt, Kelly L Klump, Judy L Silberg, Lindon J Eaves, Hermine H Maes, Robert F Krueger, Matt McGue, Shandell Pahlen, Margaret Gatz, David A Butler, Meike Bartels, Toos C E M van Beijsterveldt, Jeffrey M Craig, Richard Saffery, Lise Dubois, Michel Boivin, Mara Brendgen, Ginette Dionne, Frank Vitaro, Nicholas G Martin, Sarah E Medland, Grant W Montgomery, Gary E Swan, Ruth Krasnow, Per Tynelius, Paul Lichtenstein, Claire M A Haworth, Robert Plomin, Gombojav Bayasgalan, Danshiitsoodol Narandalai, K Paige Harden, Elliot M Tucker-Drob, Timothy Spector, Massimo Mangino, Genevieve Lachance, Laura A Baker, Catherine Tuvblad, Glen E Duncan, Dedra Buchwald, Gonneke Willemsen, Axel Skytthe, Kirsten O Kyvik, Kaare Christensen, Sevgi Y Öncel, Fazil Aliev, Finn Rasmussen, Jack H Goldberg, Thorkild I A Sørensen, Dorret I Boomsma, Jaakko Kaprio, Karri Silventoinen

Abstract

Height variation is known to be determined by both genetic and environmental factors, but a systematic description of how their influences differ by sex, age and global regions is lacking. We conducted an individual-based pooled analysis of 45 twin cohorts from 20 countries, including 180,520 paired measurements at ages 1-19 years. The proportion of height variation explained by shared environmental factors was greatest in early childhood, but these effects remained present until early adulthood. Accordingly, the relative genetic contribution increased with age and was greatest in adolescence (up to 0.83 in boys and 0.76 in girls). Comparing geographic-cultural regions (Europe, North-America and Australia, and East-Asia), genetic variance was greatest in North-America and Australia and lowest in East-Asia, but the relative proportion of genetic variation was roughly similar across these regions. Our findings provide further insights into height variation during childhood and adolescence in populations representing different ethnicities and exposed to different environments.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Proportion of height variation explained by additive genetic (a,b), shared environmental (c,d) and specific environmental (e,f) factors with 95% confidence intervals by age and sex for all cohorts together.
Figure 2. Additive genetic correlations with 95%…
Figure 2. Additive genetic correlations with 95% confidence intervals within opposite-sex DZ pairs by age for all cohorts together.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Proportion of height variation with 95% confidence intervals explained by additive genetic factors separately by age and sex in Europe (a,b), North America and Australia (c,d) and East Asia (e,f).
Figure 4. Change of additive genetic (dash…
Figure 4. Change of additive genetic (dash line), common environmental (solid line) and unique environmental (dot line) variance with increasing age in quadratic gene-environment interaction model in Europe, North America and Australia and East Asia.

References

    1. Galton F. Regression towards mediocrity in heriditary stature. Journal of the Anthropological Institute 15, 246–262 (1886).
    1. Pearson K. & Lee A. On the laws on inheritance in man. Biometrika 2, 356–462 (1903).
    1. Fisher R. A. The correlation between relatives on the supposition of Mendelian inheritance. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 52, 399–433 (1918).
    1. Silventoinen K. Determinants of variation in adult body height. J. Biosoc. Sci. 35, 263–285 (2003).
    1. Perola M. et al.. Combined genome scans for body stature in 6,602 European twins: evidence for common Caucasian loci. PLoS Genet. 3, e97 (2007).
    1. Cho Y. S. et al.. A large-scale genome-wide association study of Asian populations uncovers genetic factors influencing eight quantitative traits. Nat. Genet. 41, 527–534 (2009).
    1. Hao Y. et al.. Genome-wide association study in Han Chinese identifies three novel loci for human height. Hum. Genet. 132, 681–689 (2013).
    1. Lango Allen H. et al.. Hundreds of variants clustered in genomic loci and biological pathways affect human height. Nature 467, 832–838 (2010).
    1. N’Diaye A. et al.. Identification, replication, and fine-mapping of Loci associated with adult height in individuals of african ancestry. PLoS Genet. 7, e1002298 (2011).
    1. Wood A. R. et al.. Defining the role of common variation in the genomic and biological architecture of adult human height. Nat. Genet. 46, 1173–1186 (2014).
    1. Bozzoli C., Deaton A. & Quintana-Domeque C. Adult height and childhood disease. Demography 46, 647–669 (2009).
    1. Steckel R. H. Heights and human welfare: Recent developments and new directions. Explorations in Economic History 46, 1–23 (2009).
    1. Eveleth P. B. & Tanner J. M. Worldwide variation in human growth (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1990).
    1. Bogin B. The growth of humanity (Wiley-Liss, New York, 2001).
    1. Dubois L. et al.. Genetic and environmental contributions to weight, height, and BMI from birth to 19 years of age: an international study of over 12,000 twin pairs. PLoS One 7, e30153 (2012).
    1. Mook-Kanamori D. O. et al.. Heritability estimates of body size in fetal life and early childhood. PLoS One 7, e39901 (2012).
    1. Silventoinen K. et al.. Genetic regulation of growth from birth to 18 years of age: the Swedish young male twins study. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 20, 292–298 (2008).
    1. Silventoinen K. et al.. Genetic regulation of growth in height and weight from 3 to 12 years of age: a longitudinal study of Dutch twin children. Twin Res. Hum. Genet. 10, 354–363 (2007).
    1. Hur Y. M. et al.. Genetic influences on the difference in variability of height, weight and body mass index between Caucasian and East Asian adolescent twins. Int. J. Obes. (Lond) 32, 1455–1467 (2008).
    1. Jelenkovic A. et al.. Genetic and environmental influences on growth from late childhood to adulthood: a longitudinal study of two Finnish twin cohorts. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 23, 764–773 (2011).
    1. Silventoinen K. et al.. Heritability of adult body height: a comparative study of twin cohorts in eight countries. Twin Res. 6, 399–408 (2003).
    1. Dubois L. et al.. Genetic and environmental influences on body size in early childhood: a twin birth-cohort study. Twin Res. Hum. Genet. 10, 479–485 (2007).
    1. Estourgie-van Burk G. F., Bartels M., van Beijsterveldt T. C., Delemarre-van de Waal H. A. & Boomsma D. I. Body size in five-year-old twins: heritability and comparison to singleton standards. Twin Res. Hum. Genet. 9, 646–655 (2006).
    1. Silventoinen K., Kaprio J., Lahelma E., Viken R. J. & Rose R. J. Sex differences in genetic and environmental factors contributing to body-height. Twin Res. 4, 25–29 (2001).
    1. Phillips D. I. Twin studies in medical research: can they tell us whether diseases are genetically determined? Lancet 341, 1008–1009 (1993).
    1. Cole T. J. The secular trend in human physical growth: a biological view. Econ. Hum. Biol. 1, 161–168 (2003).
    1. Polderman T. J. et al.. Meta-analysis of the heritability of human traits based on fifty years of twin studies. Nat. Genet. 47, 702–709 (2015).
    1. Yang J. et al.. Genetic variance estimation with imputed variants finds negligible missing heritability for human height and body mass index. Nat. Genet. 47, 1114–1120 (2015).
    1. van der Valk R. J. et al.. A novel common variant in DCST2 is associated with length in early life and height in adulthood. Hum. Mol. Genet. 24, 1155–1168 (2015).
    1. Aksglaede L., Olsen L. W., Sørensen T. I. & Juul A. Forty years trends in timing of pubertal growth spurt in 157,000 Danish school children. PLoS One 3, e2728 (2008).
    1. Hermanussen M. Studying human growth and development (ed Hermanussen M.) (Schweizerbart Science Publishers, Stuttgart, 2013).
    1. Wehkalampi K. et al.. Genetic and environmental influences on pubertal timing assessed by height growth. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 20, 417–423 (2008).
    1. Bulik-Sullivan B. et al.. An atlas of genetic correlations across human diseases and traits. Nat. Genet. 47, 1236–1241 (2015).
    1. Cousminer D. L. et al.. Genome-wide association and longitudinal analyses reveal genetic loci linking pubertal height growth, pubertal timing and childhood adiposity. Hum. Mol. Genet. 22, 2735–2747 (2013).
    1. Rao E. et al.. Pseudoautosomal deletions encompassing a novel homeobox gene cause growth failure in idiopathic short stature and Turner syndrome. Nat. Genet. 16, 54–63 (1997).
    1. Ratcliffe S. G., Pan H. & McKie M. Growth during puberty in the XYY boy. Ann. Hum. Biol. 19, 579–587 (1992).
    1. Gudbjartsson D. F. et al.. Many sequence variants affecting diversity of adult human height. Nat. Genet. 40, 609–615 (2008).
    1. Robinson M. R. et al.. Population genetic differentiation of height and body mass index across Europe. Nat. Genet. 47, 1357–1362 (2015).
    1. Fujiwara S. et al.. Differences in health characteristics between native Japanese and Japanese-Americans. J. Cross Cult. Gerontol. 14, 273–287 (1999).
    1. Liu Q. et al.. Genetic and Environmental Effects on Weight, Height, and BMI Under 18 Years in a Chinese Population-Based Twin Sample. Twin Res. Hum. Genet. 18, 571–580 (2015).
    1. Zietsch B. P., Verweij K. J., Heath A. C. & Martin N. G. Variation in human mate choice: simultaneously investigating heritability, parental influence, sexual imprinting, and assortative mating. Am. Nat. 177, 605–616 (2011).
    1. Joshi P. K. et al.. Directional dominance on stature and cognition in diverse human populations. Nature 523, 459–462 (2015).
    1. Silventoinen K. et al.. The CODATwins Project: The Cohort Description of Collaborative Project of Development of Anthropometrical Measures in Twins to Study Macro-Environmental Variation in Genetic and Environmental Effects on Anthropometric Traits. Twin Res. Hum. Genet. 18, 348–360 (2015).
    1. Neale M. C. & Cardon L. R. Methodology for genetic studies of twins and families (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1992).
    1. Boker S. et al.. OpenMx: An Open Source Extended Structural Equation Modeling Framework. Psychometrika 76, 306–317 (2011).
    1. Jelenkovic A. et al.. Zygosity Differences in Height and Body Mass Index of Twins From Infancy to Old Age: A Study of the CODATwins Project. Twin Res. Hum. Genet. 18, 557–570 (2015).
    1. Purcell S. Variance components models for gene-environment interaction in twin analysis. Twin Res. 5, 554–571 (2002).

Source: PubMed

Patrocinadores y Colaboradores

Condiciones médicas

Intervenciones de drogas

3
Suscribir