Significance and Diagnostic Role of Antimicrobial Cathelicidins (LL-37) Peptides in Oral Health

Zohaib Khurshid, Mustafa Naseem, Faris Yahya I Asiri, Maria Mali, Rabia Sannam Khan, Haafsa Arshad Sahibzada, Muhammad Sohail Zafar, Syed Faraz Moin, Erum Khan, Zohaib Khurshid, Mustafa Naseem, Faris Yahya I Asiri, Maria Mali, Rabia Sannam Khan, Haafsa Arshad Sahibzada, Muhammad Sohail Zafar, Syed Faraz Moin, Erum Khan

Abstract

Cathelicidins are a group of oral antimicrobial peptides that play multiple vital roles in the human body, such as their antimicrobial (broad spectrum) role against oral microbes, wound healing, and angiogenesis, with recent evidences about their role in cancer regulation. Cathelicidins are present in humans and other mammals as well. By complex interactions with the microenvironment, it results in pro-inflammatory effects. Many in vitro and in vivo experiments have been conducted to ultimately conclude that these unique peptides play an essential role in innate immunity. Peptides are released in the precursor form (defensins), which after cleavage results in cathelicidins formation. Living in the era where the major focus is on non-invasive and nanotechnology, this ultimately leads to further advancements in the field of salivaomics. Based on current spotlight innovations, we have highlighted the biochemistry, mode of action, and the importance of cathelicidins in the oral cavity.

Keywords: antimicrobial peptides; cathelicidins; diagnosis; drug; oral health; proteins.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Different functions of human cathelicidins (LL-37) peptides in the human body [4]. hCAP18: human cationic antimicrobial peptide 18 precursor protein.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Illustration representing the cathelicidins mechanism of action against microbes specifically for LL-37 and oral cavity.

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