Respiratory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: a narrative review

Andrea D'Arrigo, Stefano Floro, Francesca Bartesaghi, Chiara Casellato, Giuseppe Francesco Sferrazza Papa, Stefano Centanni, Alberto Priori, Tommaso Bocci, Andrea D'Arrigo, Stefano Floro, Francesca Bartesaghi, Chiara Casellato, Giuseppe Francesco Sferrazza Papa, Stefano Centanni, Alberto Priori, Tommaso Bocci

Abstract

The presence of respiratory symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) has been known since the first description of the disease, even though the prevalence and incidence of these disturbances are not well defined. Several causes have been reported, comprising obstructive and restrictive pulmonary disease and changes in the central ventilatory control, and different pathogenetic mechanisms have been postulated accordingly. In our review, we encompass the current knowledge about respiratory abnormalities in PD, as well as the impact of anti-Parkinsonian drugs as either risk or protective factors. A description of putative pathogenetic mechanisms is also provided, and possible treatments are discussed, focusing on the importance of recognising and treating respiratory symptoms as a key manifestation of the disease itself. A brief description of respiratory dysfunctions in atypical Parkinsonism, especially α-synucleinopathies, is also provided.

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest: A.M. D'Arrigo has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: S. Floro has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: F. Bartesaghi has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: C. Casellato has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: G.F Sferrazza Papa has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: S. Centanni has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: A. Priori has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: T. Bocci has nothing to disclose.

Copyright ©ERS 2020.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Putative contributing mechanisms leading to respiratory dysfunctions in Parkinson's disease and atypical Parkinsonisms. SN: substantia nigra; RTN: retrotrapezoid nucleus; PAG: periaqueductal grey.

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