A Comparison Study of Growth Factor Expression following Treatment with Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation, Saline Solution, Povidone-Iodine, and Lavender Oil in Wounds Healing

Adalet Koca Kutlu, Dilek Ceçen, Seren Gülşen Gürgen, Oya Sayın, Ferihan Cetin, Adalet Koca Kutlu, Dilek Ceçen, Seren Gülşen Gürgen, Oya Sayın, Ferihan Cetin

Abstract

This study compared the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), saline solution (SS), povidone-iodine (PI), and lavender oil (Lavandula angustifolia) through expression of growth factors in a rat model of wound healing. Six experimental groups were established, each containing 8 rats: a healthy group with no incision wounds, an incision-control group, an incision and TENS group, an incision and SS group, an incision and PI group, and an incision and lavender oil group. Experiments continued for 5 days, after which the skin in the excision area was removed. Tissue concentrations of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-A were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Tissue expressions of EGF, PDGF-A, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 were determined using immunohistochemistry. Wound closure progressed more rapidly in the TENS and lavender oil groups than in the control and other study groups. In particular, PDGF-A expressions in the dermis and EGF expression in the epidermis were significantly intense in the TENS group (P < 0.05). In addition, ELISA levels of growth factors such as PDGF-A and EGF were significantly higher in TENS group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). These immunohistochemical and ELISA results suggest that TENS may improve wound healing through increasing growth factors in the dermis and epidermis more than other topical applications.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Macroscopic investigation of the wounds. Scale bars denote, 1 cm.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Means of PDGF-A and EGF ELISA values in the groups.
Figure 3
Figure 3
HSCORE values of PDGF-A, EGF, and FGF-2 of the groups.
Figure 4
Figure 4
PDGF-A immunostaining of the skin tissues. Healthy group (a), control group (b), TENS group (c), SS group (d), PI group (e), and lavender oil group (f). E: epidermis, D: dermis, HF: hair follicles, HE: hyperproliferative epithelium, G: granulation tissue ×100.
Figure 5
Figure 5
EGF immunostaining of the skin tissues. Healthy group (a), control group (b), TENS group (c), SS group (d), PI group (e), and lavender oil group (f). E: the epidermis, D: dermis, HF: hair follicles, HE: hyperproliferative epithelium, G: granulation tissue ×100.
Figure 6
Figure 6
FGF-2 immunostaining of the skin tissues. Healthy group (a), control group (b), TENS group (c), SS group (d), PI group (e), the lavender oil group (f). E: epidermis, D: dermis, HF: hair follicles, HE: hyperproliferative epithelium, G: granulation tissue ×100.

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Source: PubMed

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