CME Article: Perceptions of Acupuncture and Acupressure by Anesthesia Providers: A Quantitative Descriptive Study

Abstract

Background: Randomized controlled trials show that acupuncture and acupressure support anesthesia management by decreasing anxiety, opioid requirements, and treating post-operative nausea and vomiting. Acupuncture and acupressure have demonstrated clinical usefulness but have not yet diffused into mainstream anesthesia practice. To determine why, this study assessed U.S. anesthesia provider's perceptions of acupuncture and acupressure. Methods: After institutional review board approval, 96 anesthesiology departments stratified by geographic region (Northeast, South, West, and Midwest) and institution type (university medical centers, community hospitals, children's hospitals, and veterans affairs hospitals) were selected for participation in an anonymous, pretested, online survey. The target sample was 1728 providers, of whom 292 (54% anesthesiologists, 44% certified registered nurse anesthetists, 2% anesthesiologist assistants) responded, yielding an overall 17% response rate. Results: Spearman correlation coefficient revealed a statistically significant correlation between acupuncture and geographic region, with the West having the highest predisposition toward acupuncture use (rs = 0.159, p = 0.007). Women are more likely to use acupuncture than men (rs = -0.188; p = 0.002). A strong effect size exists between acupuncture and country of pre-anesthesia training (rs = 1.00; 95% CI = 1.08, 1.16). Some providers have used acupuncture (27%) and acupressure (18%) with positive outcomes; however, the majority have not used these modalities, but would consider using them (54%, SD = 1.44 ; acupressure: 60%, SD = 1.32). Seventy-six percent of respondents would like acupuncture education and 74% would like acupressure education (SDs of 0.43 and 0.44, respectively). Conclusions: While most of the U.S. anesthesia providers in this survey have not used these modalities, they nevertheless report a favorable perception of acupuncture/acupressure's role as part of an anesthetic. This study adds to the body of acupuncture and acupressure research by providing insight into anesthesia providers' perceptions of these alternative medicine modalities.

Keywords: Acupressure; Complementary and Alternative Medicine; Nausea and Vomiting; Pain Management; Traditional Chinese Medicine.