Difference in the metabolic characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and healthy adults

Yongliang Jiang, Hantong Hu, Xiaoyu Li, Xiaofen He, Xiaomei Shao, Jiali Lou, Yajun Zhang, Yuanyuan Wu, Jianqiao Fang, Yongliang Jiang, Hantong Hu, Xiaoyu Li, Xiaofen He, Xiaomei Shao, Jiali Lou, Yajun Zhang, Yuanyuan Wu, Jianqiao Fang

Abstract

Introduction: By detecting the metabolic difference of the Heart and Lung meridians, the present study aims to investigate the specificity of different meridians and verify whether functional near infrared spectroscopy is validated as an add-on technique to assist diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods and analysis: The Lung and Heart meridians are chosen as the target for comparison; accordingly, 120 eligible participants will be included and divided into the COPD group, healthy control group, and healthy intervention group. Functional near infrared spectroscopy will be adopted to measure the metabolic characteristics of the Heart and Lung meridians. On one hand, the specificity of the meridian-visceral association will be investigated by comparing the metabolic difference in the Heart and Lung meridians between the healthy control group and COPD group. On the other hand, the specificity of site-to-site association will be determined by comparing the metabolic change between the 2 meridians that induced by moxibustion in the Heart meridian and Lung meridian, respectively, in the healthy control group. The primary outcome will be regional oxygen saturation of corresponding regions along the Heart and Lung meridians.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04046666.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Study design flowchart. COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, fNIRS = functional near infrared spectroscopy, rSO2 = regional oxygen saturation.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The fNIRS measurement sites of the COPD group and healthy control group. COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, fNIRS = functional near infrared spectroscopy.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The intervention procedure of the healthy intervention group. (A) Moxibustion site of the Heart meridian and the fNIRS measurement sites of the Heart and Lung meridians; (B) Moxibustion site of the Lung meridian and the fNIRS measurement sites of the Heart and Lung meridians. fNIRS = functional near infrared spectroscopy.

References

    1. Liu Z, Yan S, Wu J, et al. Acupuncture for chronic severe functional constipation: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2016;165:761–9.
    1. Zhao L, Chen J, Li Y, et al. The long-term effect of acupuncture for migraine prophylaxis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med 2017;177:508–15.
    1. Zhao L, Li D, Zheng H, et al. Acupuncture as adjunctive therapy for chronic stable angina: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med 2019;179:1388–97.
    1. Yang JW, Wang LQ, Zou X, et al. Effect of acupuncture for postprandial distress syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. Ann Intern Med 2020;172:777–85.
    1. Chen H, Yang M, Ning Z, et al. A guideline for randomized controlled trials of acupuncture. Am J Chin Med 2019;47:1–8.
    1. Litscher G. Infrared thermography fails to visualize stimulation-induced meridian-like structures. Biomed Eng Online 2005;4:38.
    1. Braillon A, Maclennan A, Marron L, et al. Teaching midwives to poke with needles on non-existing meridians. Women Birth 2019;32:e284–5.
    1. Wang GJ, Ayati MH, Zhang WB. Meridian studies in China: a systematic review. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2010;3:1–9.
    1. Ahn AC, Colbert AP, Anderson BJ, et al. Electrical properties of acupuncture points and meridians: a systematic review. Bioelectromagnetics 2008;29:245–56.
    1. Lin M, Wei H, Zhao L, et al. Review on infrared temperature characteristics of acupoints in recent 10 years. Chinese Acupunct Moxib 2017;37:453–6.
    1. Yu C, Zhang K, Lu G, et al. Characteristics of acupuncture meridians and acupoints in animals. Rev Sci Tech 1994;13:927–33.
    1. Hu H, Jiang Y, Li X, et al. The microcirculatory characteristics of the heart and lung meridians: study protocol clinical trial (SPIRIT compliant). Medicine 2020;99:e19594.
    1. Lo MY, Ong MW, Chen WY, et al. The effects of acupuncture on cerebral and muscular microcirculation: a systematic review of near-infrared spectroscopy studies. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2015;2015:839470.
    1. MacPherson H, Altman DG, Hammerschlag R, et al. Revised standards for reporting interventions in clinical trials of acupuncture (STRICTA): extending the CONSORT statement. J Alternat Complement Med 2010;16:St1–4.
    1. Litscher G, Ofner M, He W, et al. Acupressure at the Meridian Acupoint Xiyangguan (GB33) Influences near-infrared spectroscopic parameters (regional oxygen saturation) in deeper tissue of the knee in healthy volunteers. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013;2013:370341.
    1. Ohkubo M, Hamaoka T, Niwayama M, et al. Local increase in trapezius muscle oxygenation during and after acupuncture. Dyn Med 2009;8:2.
    1. Ahn AC, Park M, Shaw JR, et al. Electrical impedance of acupuncture meridians: the relevance of subcutaneous collagenous bands. PloS One 2010;5:e11907.
    1. Yang HQ, Xie SS, Hu XL, et al. Appearance of human meridian-like structure and acupoints and its time correlation by infrared thermal imaging. Am J Chin Med 2007;35:231–40.
    1. Hsiu H, Huang SM, Chao PT, et al. Microcirculatory characteristics of acupuncture points obtained by laser Doppler flowmetry. Physiol Meas 2007;28:77–86.
    1. Zhang WB, Tian YY, Li H, et al. A discovery of low hydraulic resistance channel along meridians. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2008;1:20–8.
    1. Zheng SX, Pan XH, Xu JS, et al. Variations in energy metabolism along the pericardium meridian and its relationship with visceral function adjustments during electroacupuncture. BMC Complement Altern Med 2014;14:323.
    1. Hoshi Y. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy: current status and future prospects. J Biomed Opt 2007;12:062106.
    1. Banzer W, Hübscher M, Seib M, et al. Short-time effects of laser needle stimulation on the peripheral microcirculation assessed by laser Doppler spectroscopy and near-infrared spectroscopy. Photomed Laser Surg 2006;24:575–80.
    1. Wang G, Jia S, Liu M, et al. Impact of local thermal stimulation on the correlation between oxygen saturation and speed-resolved blood perfusion. Sci Rep 2020;10:183.
    1. Menke J, Voss U, Möller G, et al. Reproducibility of cerebral near infrared spectroscopy in neonates. Biol Neonate 2003;83:6–11.
    1. Raith W, Pichler G, Sapetschnig I, et al. Near-infrared spectroscopy for objectifying cerebral effects of laser acupuncture in term and preterm neonates. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013;2013:346852.
    1. Mancini DM, Bolinger L, Li H, et al. Validation of near-infrared spectroscopy in humans. J Appl Physiol 1994;77:2740–7.
    1. Yang X, Zhou QZ, Cai DJ, et al. Discussing external specific communication of meridians from the four-command-points. Chin Arch Tradit Chin Med 2011;29:57–61.
    1. Buekers J, Theunis J. Wearable finger pulse oximetry for continuous oxygen saturation measurements during daily home routines of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) over one week. Observational Study 2019;7:e12866.
    1. Macrea MM, Owens RL, Martin T, et al. The effect of isolated nocturnal oxygen desaturations on serum hs-CRP and IL-6 in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Respir J 2019;13:120–4.
    1. Wilson S, Cecins N, Jenkins S, et al. Comparing finger and forehead sensors to measure oxygen saturation in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respirology 2013;18:1143–7.
    1. Chang HC, Xie YK, Wen YY, et al. Further investigation on the hypothesis of meridian-cortex-viscera interrelationship. Am J Chin Med 1983;11:5–13.
    1. Liu WT, Zhang LP, Zheng MF. Current researches and ideas regarding correlation between meridians and viscera. Acupunct Res 2018;43:430–2.

Source: PubMed

Sponsorit ja yhteistyökumppanit

Sairaudet

Huumeiden interventiot

3
Tilaa