Manual Therapy on Head-repositioning Accuracy and Static Postural Balance in Neck Pain Patients

Inclusion Criteria:

• Aged 18 to 65 years
• Presented with a complaint of neck pain (defined as pain in the region from the upper thoracic spine to the occiput and the surrounding musculature) for more than 7 weeks.
• Had not received neck pain treatment in the past 1 month

Exclusion Criteria:

• Onset of presenting neck pain episode after trauma (eg, whiplash)
• History of cervical injury of trauma since the onset of presenting neck pain episode
• History of cervical injury or trauma
• Neck pain due to fracture, tumor, infection, severe spondyloarthropathy, or other non-mechanical cause such as inflammatory arthritis;
• Progressive neurological deficit, myelopathy, herniated nucleus pulpous, or severe incapacitating pain;
• Being treated by electrical devices;
• Blood coagulation disorder or were using corticosteroids or anticoagulant medications;
• History of stroke or transient ischemic attacks;
• Vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency;
• Neurologic disease (eg, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, syringomyelia);
• Congenital anomalies involving the C-spine;
• Systemic disease (eg, diabetes mellitus);
• Pain involving third-party liability or Workers' Compensation.