The association between neck pain, the Neck Disability Index and cervical ranges of motion: a narrative review

Abstract

Background: The Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Cervical Ranges of Motion (CROM) are measurement tools that are used for neck pain patients.

Objective: To review the literature to determine how the NDI is associated with neck pain and CROM outcomes.

Methods: Computer based searches of 5 databases were performed and supplemented by internet and hand searching of article references and "related citations."

Results: The search yielded 23 studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and these were summarized into four categories: NDI, NDI and other questionnaires, whiplash and NDI and cervical range of motion and NDI. The NDI was shown to be a well validated and reliable self-reported questionnaire, especially when compared to other questionnaires, in both neck pain and whiplash (WAD) patients. There are very few studies that discuss the NDI and cervical range of motion.

Conclusion: This review outlines the strength of the NDI as a self-reported neck disability questionnaire, but also demonstrates a need for further research to explore the association between the NDI, neck pain and cervical ranges of motion.

Keywords: neck disability index; neck pain; range of motion; whiplash.