Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Complications of CKD: What's Next?

Debasish Banerjee, Vivekanand Jha, Debasish Banerjee, Vivekanand Jha

No abstract available

Keywords: Cholestanes; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Vitamin D; Vitamins; cardiovascular disease; chronic kidney disease; endothelium; heart disease; randomized controlled trials.

Figures

Figure 1.

The figure shows lack of strong evidence for vitamin D therapy to prevent cardiovascular disease in CKD. Although epidemiologic studies suggest a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular (CV) events, observational studies show improvement with supplementation, and randomized studies show improved vascular function with supplementation. There is no randomized trial evidence to justify supplementation in patients with CKD patients to improve cardiovascular function in regular clinical care.