Platelet-rich plasma in the management of chronic low back pain: a critical review

Koji Akeda, Junichi Yamada, Erikka T Linn, Akihiro Sudo, Koichi Masuda, Koji Akeda, Junichi Yamada, Erikka T Linn, Akihiro Sudo, Koichi Masuda

Abstract

Low back pain (LBP) is now regarded as the first cause of disability worldwide and should be a priority for future research on prevention and therapy. Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is an important pathogenesis of LBP. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous blood concentrate that contains a natural concentration of autologous growth factors and cytokines and is currently widely used in the clinical setting for tissue regeneration and repair. PRP has great potential to stimulate cell proliferation and metabolic activity of IVD cells in vitro. Several animal studies have shown that the injection of PRP into degenerated IVDs is effective in restoring structural changes (IVD height) and improving the matrix integrity of degenerated IVDs as evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histology. The results of this basic research have shown the great possibility that PRP has significant biological effects for tissue repair to counteract IVD degeneration. Clinical studies for evaluating the effects of the injection of PRP into degenerated IVDs for patients with discogenic LBP have been reviewed. Although there was only one double-blind randomized controlled trial, all the studies reported that PRP was safe and effective in reducing back pain. While the clinical evidence of tissue repair of IVDs by PRP treatment is currently lacking, there is a great possibility that the application of PRP has the potential to lead to a feasible intradiscal therapy for the treatment of degenerative disc diseases. Further large-scale studies may be required to confirm the clinical evidence of PRP for the treatment of discogenic LBP.

Keywords: PRP; intervertebral disc; intervertebral disc degeneration; low back pain; platelet-rich plasma.

Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Effect of PRP releasate on the mRNA expression of IL-1β (A), MMP-3 (B), NGF (C), and TGF-β (D) by human IVD cells. Notes: IL: IL-1β (1.0 ng/mL), IL + PRP: IL-1β (1.0 ng/mL) + 10% PRP. **P<0.05. Abbreviations: IVD, intervertebral disc; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; NGF, nerve growth factor; PRP, platelet-rich plasma.

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