Self-guided psychological treatment for depressive symptoms: a meta-analysis

Pim Cuijpers, Tara Donker, Robert Johansson, David C Mohr, Annemieke van Straten, Gerhard Andersson, Pim Cuijpers, Tara Donker, Robert Johansson, David C Mohr, Annemieke van Straten, Gerhard Andersson

Abstract

Background: A number of trials have examined the effects of self-guided psychological intervention, without any contact between the participants and a therapist or coach. The results and sizes of these trials have been mixed. This is the first quantitative meta-analysis, aimed at organizing and evaluating the literature, and estimating effect size.

Method: We conducted systematic literature searches in PubMed, PsycINFO and Embase up to January 2010, and identified additional studies through earlier meta-analyses, and the references of included studies. We identified seven randomized controlled trials that met our inclusion criteria, with a total of 1,362 respondents. The overall quality of the studies was high. A post-hoc power calculation showed that the studies had sufficient statistical power to detect an effect size of d = 0.19.

Results: The overall mean effect size indicating the difference between self-guided psychological treatment and control groups at post-test was d = 0.28 (p<0.001), which corresponds to a NNT of 6.41. At 4 to 12 months follow-up the effect size was d = 0.23. There was no indication for significant publication bias.

Conclusions: We found evidence that self-guided psychological treatment has a small but significant effect on participants with increased levels of depressive symptomatology.

Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1. Flowchart of inclusion of studies.
Figure 1. Flowchart of inclusion of studies.
Figure 2. Standardized effect sizes of self-guided…
Figure 2. Standardized effect sizes of self-guided psychological treatment for adult depression: Cohen's d.

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Source: PubMed

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