Perineural administration of dexmedetomidine in combination with bupivacaine enhances sensory and motor blockade in sciatic nerve block without inducing neurotoxicity in rat
Chad M Brummett, Mary A Norat, John M Palmisano, Ralph Lydic, Chad M Brummett, Mary A Norat, John M Palmisano, Ralph Lydic
Abstract
Background: The current study was designed to test the hypothesis that high-dose dexmedetomidine added to local anesthetic would increase the duration of sensory and motor blockade in a rat model of sciatic nerve blockade without causing nerve damage.
Methods: Thirty-one adult Sprague-Dawley rats received bilateral sciatic nerve blocks with either 0.2 ml bupivacaine, 0.5%, and 0.5% bupivacaine plus 0.005% dexmedetomidine in the contralateral extremity, or 0.2 ml dexmedetomidine, 0.005%, and normal saline in the contralateral extremity. Sensory and motor function were assessed by a blinded investigator every 30 min until the return of normal sensory and motor function. Sciatic nerves were harvested at either 24 h or 14 days after injection and analyzed for perineural inflammation and nerve damage.
Results: High-dose dexmedetomidine added to bupivacaine significantly enhanced the duration of sensory and motor blockade. Dexmedetomidine alone did not cause significant motor or sensory block. All of the nerves analyzed had normal axons and myelin at 24 h and 14 days. Bupivacaine plus dexmedetomidine showed less perineural inflammation at 24 h than the bupivacaine group when compared with the saline control.
Conclusion: The finding that high-dose dexmedetomidine can safely improve the duration of bupivacaine-induced antinociception after sciatic nerve blockade in rats is an essential first step encouraging future studies in humans. The dose of dexmedetomidine used in this study may exceed the sedative safety threshold in humans and could cause prolonged motor blockade; therefore, future work with clinically relevant doses is necessary.
Figures
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Figure 4
The duration of complete motor…
Figure 4
The duration of complete motor blockade (A) was significantly improved when bupivacaine plus…
Figure 5
Nerves were sectioned and stained…
Figure 5
Nerves were sectioned and stained with hemotoxylin and eosin to assess perineural inflammation…
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- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / administration & dosage
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / adverse effects
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / pharmacology
- Anesthetics, Local / administration & dosage
- Anesthetics, Local / adverse effects
- Anesthetics, Local / pharmacology
- Animals
- Bupivacaine / administration & dosage
- Bupivacaine / adverse effects
- Bupivacaine / pharmacology*
- Dexmedetomidine / administration & dosage
- Dexmedetomidine / adverse effects
- Dexmedetomidine / pharmacology*
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Synergism
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Female
- Inflammation / chemically induced
- Male
- Models, Animal
- Motor Activity / drug effects*
- Nerve Block / methods*
- Neurotoxicity Syndromes / prevention & control*
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Sciatic Nerve / drug effects*
- Sciatic Nerve / physiology
- Sensation / drug effects*
- Sodium Chloride / administration & dosage
- Time Factors
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic
- Anesthetics, Local
- Sodium Chloride
- Dexmedetomidine
- Bupivacaine
- Full Text Sources
- Other Literature Sources
- Medical
![Figure 4](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/2709835/bin/nihms-82560-f0004.jpg)
Figure 5
Nerves were sectioned and stained…
Figure 5
Nerves were sectioned and stained with hemotoxylin and eosin to assess perineural inflammation…
![Figure 5](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/2709835/bin/nihms-82560-f0005.jpg)
Source: PubMed