The Effect of Low Tidal Volume Ventilation during Cardiopulmonary Bypass on Postoperative Pulmonary Function

Maryam Davoudi, Afshin Farhanchi, Ahmad Moradi, Mohammad Hosein Bakhshaei, Gholamreza Safarpour, Maryam Davoudi, Afshin Farhanchi, Ahmad Moradi, Mohammad Hosein Bakhshaei, Gholamreza Safarpour

Abstract

Background: Postoperative pulmonary dysfunction is one of the most frequent complications after cardiac surgery and it is believed to result from the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). In this study, we investigated the effect of low tidal volume ventilation during CPB on postoperative gas exchange and lung mechanics.

Methods: This prospective randomized study included 100 patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting. In 50 patients, low tidal volume ventilation [tidal volume (TV) = 3 ml/kg, respiratory rate (RR) = 12/min, fraction of inspiratory oxygen (FIO(2))= 1.0, positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) = 5 cmH(2)O] was applied during CPB (group I); and in the other 50 patients (group II), the lungs were open to the atmosphere without ventilation. Measurements were taken preoperatively, after CPB, and before discharge.

Results: Post-bypass PaO(2) (just after CPB 85 versus75) was higher significantly in group I (P value < 0.05). Decrease in postoperative forced expiratory volume in 1 second (25% versus 30%) and forced vital capacity (32% versus 35%) was less significant in group I. Also, time to extubation (5 hrs versus 5.5 hrs) was shorter in group I.

Conclusion: Continued low tidal volume ventilation during CPB improved post-bypass oxygenation and lung mechanics.

Keywords: Cardiac surgical procedures; Cardiopulmonary bypass; Respiratory function test; Tidal volume; Ventilation.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Values for oxygenation (mean PaO2) as a function of time

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