The effect of citrus flavonoid extract supplementation on anaerobic capacity in moderately trained athletes: a randomized controlled trial

Lieke E van Iersel, Yala R Stevens, Jose M Conchillo, Freddy J Troost, Lieke E van Iersel, Yala R Stevens, Jose M Conchillo, Freddy J Troost

Abstract

Background: Nutritional supplementation is commonly used by athletes to improve their exercise performance. Previous studies demonstrated that citrus flavonoid extract (CFE) supplementation may be an effective strategy to improve exercise performance in male athletes. Yet, no conclusive research has been performed to investigate the effect of chronic CFE supplementation on high-intensity exercise performance under anaerobic conditions. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess whether CFE supplementation in daily dosages of 400 and 500 mg for a period of 4 and 8 weeks improves anaerobic exercise capacity.

Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, parallel clinical study was conducted in 92 moderately trained healthy men and women. Subjects were randomized to receive 400 mg of CFE (n = 30), 500 mg of CFE (n = 31) or placebo (n = 31) daily, for 8 consecutive weeks. The Wingate anaerobic test was used to assess anaerobic exercise capacity and power output at baseline, after 4 weeks and after 8 weeks.

Results: After 4 weeks supplementation, average power output significantly increased in the 400 mg group (Estimated difference [ED] = 38.2 W [18.0, 58.3]; p < 0.001; effect size [ES] = 0.27) and in the 500 mg group (ED = 21.2 W [0.91, 41.4]; p = 0.041; ES = 0.15) compared to placebo. The 5 s peak power output was also increased in the 400 mg group (ED = 53.6 [9.96, 97.2]; p = 0.017; ES = 0.25) after 4 weeks compared to placebo. After 8 weeks of supplementation, average power output was significantly improved in the group receiving 400 mg of CFE (ED = 31.6 [8.33, 54.8]; p = 0.008; ES = 0.22) compared to placebo.

Conclusion: These results demonstrate that CFE supplementation improved anaerobic capacity and peak power during high intensity exercise in moderately trained individuals. Further research is needed to identify the underlying mechanisms that are affected by CFE supplementation.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT03044444 ). Registered 7 February 2017.

Keywords: Anaerobic capacity; Antioxidant; Hesperidin; Wingate anaerobic test.

Conflict of interest statement

LEVI is a former employee of BioActor BV. YRS is a current employee of BioActor BV. The funders had no role in the design of the manuscript, writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Overview of the study design. CFE: citrus flavonoid extract. † Supplementation started after baseline measurements were completed
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) flowchart of the study
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Performance outcomes at baseline, after 4 weeks and after 8 weeks of supplementation. Values are presented as observed mean ± SD. Differences between the intervention groups and placebo group were compared with an unstructured linear mixed model with correction for baseline values. * p < 0.05. CFE: Citrus Flavonoid Extract

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