Progress risk assessment of oral premalignant lesions with saliva miRNA analysis

Ya Yang, Yue-xiu Li, Xi Yang, Long Jiang, Zuo-jun Zhou, Ya-qin Zhu, Ya Yang, Yue-xiu Li, Xi Yang, Long Jiang, Zuo-jun Zhou, Ya-qin Zhu

Abstract

Background: Oral cancer develops through multi-stages: from normal to mild (low grade) dysplasia (LGD), moderate dysplasia, and severe (high grade) dysplasia (HGD), to carcinoma in situ (CIS) and finally invasive oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). Clinical and histological assessments are not reliable in predicting which precursor lesions will progress. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of a noninvasive approach to assess progress risk of oral precancerous lesions.

Methods: We first used microRNA microarray to profile progressing LGD oral premaligant lesions (OPLs) from non-progressing LGD OPLs in order to explore the possible microRNAs deregulated in low grade OPLs which later progressed to HGD or OSCC. We then used RT-qPCR to detect miRNA targets from the microarray results in saliva samples of these patients.

Results: We identified a specific miRNA signature that is aberrantly expressed in progressing oral LGD leukoplakias. Similar expression patterns were detected in saliva samples from these patients.

Conclusions: These results show promise for using saliva miRNA signature for monitoring of cancer precursor lesions and early detection of disease progression.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Representative histological pictures of OPLs and OSCCs. (A) oral leukoplakia with low grade epithelia dysplasia; (B) oral leukoplakia with moderate epithelia dysplasia; (C) oral leukoplakia with high grade epithelia dysplasia; (D) cancerated leukoplakia; (E) invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Differentially expressed miRNAs between progressive LGD leukoplakias and non-progressive LGD leukoplakias. Heat map showing the differentially expressed mirRNAs between progressing LGDs and non-progressing LGDs. Over-expressed miRNAs are colour-coded red, repressed miRNAs are colour-coded green.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Detection of miRNA targets by qRT-PCR in saliva samples from patients with progressing and non-progressing LGD leukoplakias as well as healthy volunteers. Differences were estimated by t-test and p values are shown for each comparison.

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Source: PubMed

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