Mesenchymal stem cell derived secretome and extracellular vesicles for acute lung injury and other inflammatory lung diseases
Antoine Monsel, Ying-Gang Zhu, Varun Gudapati, Hyungsun Lim, Jae W Lee, Antoine Monsel, Ying-Gang Zhu, Varun Gudapati, Hyungsun Lim, Jae W Lee
Abstract
Introduction: Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a major cause of respiratory failure in critically ill patients. Despite extensive research into its pathophysiology, mortality remains high. No effective pharmacotherapy exists. Based largely on numerous preclinical studies, administration of mesenchymal stem or stromal cell (MSC) as a therapeutic for acute lung injury holds great promise, and clinical trials are currently underway. However, concern for the use of stem cells, specifically the risk of iatrogenic tumor formation, remains unresolved. Accumulating evidence now suggest that novel cell-free therapies including MSC-derived conditioned medium and extracellular vesicles released from MSCs might constitute compelling alternatives.
Areas covered: The current review summarizes the preclinical studies testing MSC conditioned medium and/or MSC extracellular vesicles as treatment for acute lung injury and other inflammatory lung diseases.
Expert opinion: While certain logistical obstacles limit the clinical applications of MSC conditioned medium such as the volume required for treatment, the therapeutic application of MSC extracellular vesicles remains promising, primarily due to ability of extracellular vesicles to maintain the functional phenotype of the parent cell. However, utilization of MSC extracellular vesicles will require large-scale production and standardization concerning identification, characterization and quantification.
Keywords: Acute lung injury; acute respiratory distress syndrome; exosomes; extracellular vesicles; mesenchymal stem cells; microvesicles.
Conflict of interest statement
Declaration of interest This paper was funded by National Institutes of Health grant HL-113022. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.
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Source: PubMed