Ingestion of High Molecular Weight Carbohydrate Enhances Subsequent Repeated Maximal Power: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Jonathan M Oliver, Anthony L Almada, Leighsa E Van Eck, Meena Shah, Joel B Mitchell, Margaret T Jones, Andrew R Jagim, David S Rowlands, Jonathan M Oliver, Anthony L Almada, Leighsa E Van Eck, Meena Shah, Joel B Mitchell, Margaret T Jones, Andrew R Jagim, David S Rowlands

Abstract

Athletes in sports demanding repeat maximal work outputs frequently train concurrently utilizing sequential bouts of intense endurance and resistance training sessions. On a daily basis, maximal work within subsequent bouts may be limited by muscle glycogen availability. Recently, the ingestion of a unique high molecular weight (HMW) carbohydrate was found to increase glycogen re-synthesis rate and enhance work output during subsequent endurance exercise, relative to low molecular weight (LMW) carbohydrate ingestion. The effect of the HMW carbohydrate, however, on the performance of intense resistance exercise following prolonged-intense endurance training is unknown. Sixteen resistance trained men (23±3 years; 176.7±9.8 cm; 88.2±8.6 kg) participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized 3-way crossover design comprising a muscle-glycogen depleting cycling exercise followed by ingestion of placebo (PLA), or 1.2 g•kg•bw-1 of LMW or HMW carbohydrate solution (10%) with blood sampling for 2-h post-ingestion. Thereafter, participants performed 5 sets of 10 maximal explosive repetitions of back squat (75% of 1RM). Compared to PLA, ingestion of HMW (4.9%, 90%CI 3.8%, 5.9%) and LMW (1.9%, 90%CI 0.8%, 3.0%) carbohydrate solutions substantially increased power output during resistance exercise, with the 3.1% (90% CI 4.3, 2.0%) almost certain additional gain in power after HMW-LMW ingestion attributed to higher movement velocity after force kinematic analysis (HMW-LMW 2.5%, 90%CI 1.4, 3.7%). Both carbohydrate solutions increased post-exercise plasma glucose, glucoregulatory and gut hormones compared to PLA, but differences between carbohydrates were unclear; thus, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Ingestion of a HMW carbohydrate following prolonged intense endurance exercise provides superior benefits to movement velocity and power output during subsequent repeated maximal explosive resistance exercise. This study was registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02778373).

Conflict of interest statement

Anthony Almada is the founder and CEO of Vitargo Global Sciences, Inc. Mr. Almada was not involved in any data collection or subsequent analysis. The study was independently designed, conducted, and analyzed without input from Mr. Almada. This does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials

Figures

Fig 1. Consort diagram.
Fig 1. Consort diagram.
Fig 2. Schematic of experimental design.
Fig 2. Schematic of experimental design.
Fig 3. Effect of ingested carbohydrate molecular…
Fig 3. Effect of ingested carbohydrate molecular weight following glycogen-depleting exercise on the kinetics and kinematics of repeated maximal squat exercise.
Shown is contraction mean power, force, and velocity outcomes during repeated sets of back squat exercise on the Smith Machine. Data are means. Bars on the left are the average standard deviation by treatment (all SD bars omitted for clarity).
Fig 4. Effect of ingested carbohydrate molecular…
Fig 4. Effect of ingested carbohydrate molecular weight following glycogen-depleting exercise on blood metabolite and glucoregulatory and gut hormones.
Data are means. Bars on the left are the average standard deviation by treatment (all SD bars omitted for clarity).

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