The Spanish Language 5-Item Oral Health Impact Profile

Abstract

Objective: To test validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the 5-item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-Sp5).

Methods: Spanish-speaking dental patients (n = 331, response rate = 61%, age: 42.9 + 12.3 years, 59% female) with a scheduled appointment at HealthPartners dental clinics in Minnesota, USA, were investigated. To assess score reliability, we computed Cronbach's alpha, expecting 'good' reliability (alpha > 0.70). To assess score validity, we correlated the OHIP-Sp5 summary score with five OHRQoL measures [49- and 14-item OHIP-Sp, the Spanish version of the General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI-Sp), the Spanish version of the Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP-Sp) and a Global Oral Health Assessment]. We expected a pattern of 'very large' (r > 0.70) correlation coefficients for OHIP-Sp5 relationships with the two longer OHIP-Sp versions and 'large' (r > 0.50) correlation coefficients for the other three measures.

Results: Patients had a mean OHIP-Sp5 score of 3.7 (SD = 4.0). The Instrument's reliability was, as expected, 'good', according to the Cronbach's alpha statistic of 0.83. The Instrument's validity was supported by the expected pattern of validity coefficients. OHIP-Sp5 summary scores correlated with OHIP-Sp14 as well as with OHIP-Sp49 (both r = 0.95: 'very large' effect) and with GOHAI-Sp, OIDP and the Global Oral Health Assessment with r = -0.80, 0.73, and -0.56 (absolute effect magnitude all 'very large' or 'large'), respectively.

Conclusions: The Spanish version of OHIP-5 is a brief and psychometrically sound instrument to measure oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in Spanish-speaking populations. It can effectively replace longer OHIP instruments and would be applicable across all settings of clinical practice and research.

Keywords: Validation studies; patient outcome assessment; psychometrics; quality of life.

© 2019 FDI World Dental Federation.

Figures

Figure 1

Summary score relationship of the Spanish 5-item version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-Sp5) with OHIP-14 and OHIP-49 summary scores, characterised using LOcally WEighted Scatterplot Smoothing (LOWESS) curves (upper panel) and with regression lines and their 95% confidence intervals (lower panel)

Figure 2

Summary score relationship of the Spanish 5-item version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-Sp5) with Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP) and General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) summary scores, characterised using LOcally WEighted Scatterplot Smoothing (LOWESS) curves (upper panel) and with regression lines and their 95% confidence intervals (lower panel)