Test for Respiratory and Asthma Control in Kids (TRACK): validation of the Portuguese version

Gustavo F Wandalsen, Renata G Dias, Herberto J Chong-Neto, Nelson Rosário, Lillian Moraes, Neusa F Wandalsen, Décio Medeiros, Ana Caroline Della Bianca, Marilyn Urrutia-Pereira, Jennifer Avila, Patrícia P Jorge, Dirceu Solé, Gustavo F Wandalsen, Renata G Dias, Herberto J Chong-Neto, Nelson Rosário, Lillian Moraes, Neusa F Wandalsen, Décio Medeiros, Ana Caroline Della Bianca, Marilyn Urrutia-Pereira, Jennifer Avila, Patrícia P Jorge, Dirceu Solé

Abstract

Background: TRACK (Test for Respiratory and Asthma Control in Kids) questionnaire is an instrument developed and validated in English to evaluate the control of respiratory symptoms in children under 5 years of age.

Objective: To validate the Portuguese version of the TRACK questionnaire.

Methods: The validation was done in an observational, prospective and multicenter evaluation (six centers in Brazil) in children with recurrent respiratory symptoms. Children were classified according to symptoms, GINA criteria and medical evaluation. Parents and doctors rated child respiratory symptom control in the last month (VAS). Approval from the Institutional Review Board was obtained in each centre, and written informed consent was obtained from parents.

Results: Data from 299 children were obtained at baseline, and 195 at follow-up. The median score of the TRACK questionnaire was 65 and Cronbach's α was 0.70. TRACK scores showed significant correlation with the medical and family opinions about symptom control (r: 0.74 and r: 0.61). TRACK scores were significantly lower in children who had used systemic steroids (median [IQR]: 45 [30-65] vs 75 [55-80]; p < 0.001) and had an emergency visit in the last month (45 [35-60] vs 70 [55-80]; p < 0.001). TRACK scores were also significantly different when children were separated by the medical opinion, GINA criteria and symptoms. Comparison of different respiratory symptom control cut-off points showed that the cut-off of 80 points had the highest area under ROC curve (0.800).

Conclusion: We have demonstrated that the Portuguese version of the TRACK questionnaire has satisfactory reliability (internal consistency), adequate criterion validity (compared against GINA levels of control) and constructive validity (compared against respiratory symptoms and medical opinion), showing that it can be a useful tool to discriminate among children with different levels of respiratory symptom control.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03290222.

Keywords: Asthma; Children; Control; Wheezing.

Conflict of interest statement

The study was approved by Universidade Federal de São Paulo Ethics Committee (CAAE: 57313416.1.1001.5505).Not applicable.The authors declare that they have no competing interests.Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Individual scores of the TRACK questionnaire (N = 299)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Correlation between TRACK scores and VAS family and medical opinions about symptom control (N = 299)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
TRACK scores according to the use of systemic steroids in the last month (a), wheezing in the last month (b) and an emergency visit in the last month (c)
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
TRACK scores according to medical opinion about symptom control (a) and to GINA criteria of symptom control (b)

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