Self-reported body silhouette trajectories across the lifespan and excessive daytime sleepiness in adulthood: a retrospective analysis. The Paris Prospective Study III

Quentin Lisan, Muriel Tafflet, Marie-Aline Charles, Frédérique Thomas, Pierre Boutouyrie, Catherine Guibout, José Haba-Rubio, Marie Cécile Périer, Bruno Pannier, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Xavier Jouven, Jean-Philippe Empana, Quentin Lisan, Muriel Tafflet, Marie-Aline Charles, Frédérique Thomas, Pierre Boutouyrie, Catherine Guibout, José Haba-Rubio, Marie Cécile Périer, Bruno Pannier, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Xavier Jouven, Jean-Philippe Empana

Abstract

Objectives: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a common sleep complaint in the population and is increasingly recognised as deleterious for health. Simple and sensitive tools allowing identifying individuals at greater risk of EDS would be of public health importance. Hence, we determined trajectories of body silhouette from early childhood to adulthood and evaluated their association with EDS in adulthood.

Design: A retrospective analysis in a prospective community-based study.

Participants: 6820 men and women self-reported their silhouette at ages 8, 15, 25, 35 and 45 using the body silhouettes proposed by Stunkard et al. EDS was defined by an Epworth Sleepiness Scale score ≥11.

Main outcome measure: Presence of EDS in adulthood.

Results: The study population comprised 6820 participants (mean age 59.8 years, 61.1% men). Five distinct body silhouettes trajectories over the lifespan were identified: 31.9% 'lean stable', 11.1% 'lean increase', 16.1% 'lean-marked increase', 32.5% 'moderate stable' and 8.4% 'heavy stable'. Subjects with a 'heavy-stable' trajectory (OR 1.24, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.62) and those with a 'lean-marked increase' trajectory (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.81) were more likely to have EDS when compared with the 'lean-stable' group after adjusting for confounding. Further adjustment for birth weight strengthened the magnitude of the ORs.

Conclusion: Increasing body silhouette and to a lesser extent constantly high body silhouette trajectory from childhood to adulthood are associated with increased likelihood of EDS, independently of major confounding variables.

Trial registration number: NCT00741728; Pre-results.

Keywords: body silhouette; excessive daytime sleepiness; obesity; sleep; trajectory.

Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: None declared.

© Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Body silhouettes in (A) children and (B) adults, adapted from Stunkard et al.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Trajectories of body silhouette. Note: percentages represent the proportion of the population according to each trajectory.

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