Bisphenol A exposure and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk: a meta-analysis

Semi Hwang, Jung-Eun Lim, Yoonjeong Choi, Sun Ha Jee, Semi Hwang, Jung-Eun Lim, Yoonjeong Choi, Sun Ha Jee

Abstract

Background: This meta-analytic study explored the relationship between the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and bisphenol A concentrations.

Methods: The Embase and Medline (PubMed) databases were searched, using relevant keywords, for studies published between 1980 and 2018. A total of 16 studies, twelve cross-sectional, two case-control and one prospective, were included in the meta-analysis. The odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were determined across the sixteen studies. The OR and its 95% CI of diabetes associated with bisphenol A were estimated using both fixed-effects and random-effects models.

Results: A total of 41,320 subjects were included. Fourteen of the sixteen studies included in the analysis provided measurements of urine bisphenol A levels and two study provided serum bisphenol A levels. Bisphenol A concentrations in human bio-specimens showed positive associations with T2DM risk (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.14, 1.44). A sensitivity analysis indicated that urine bisphenol A concentrations were positively associated with T2DM risk (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.09, 1.31).

Conclusions: This meta-analysis indicated that Bisphenol A exposure is positively associated with T2DM risk in humans.

Keywords: Bisphenol a (BPA); Diabetes mellitus (DM); Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs); Fasting plasma glucose; Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c); Meta-analysis; Obesity; Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Conflict of interest statement

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Not applicable

Consent for publication

Not applicable

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
A PRISMA flow diagram
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Forest plot according to sample type
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Forest plot after exclusion of studies with serum BPA levels and high heterogeneity
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Funnel plot according to sample type

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