Tranexamic Acid in Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery: A Meta-Analysis

Elizabeth B Gausden, Rameez Qudsi, Myles D Boone, Brian OʼGara, Joseph J Ruzbarsky, Dean G Lorich, Elizabeth B Gausden, Rameez Qudsi, Myles D Boone, Brian OʼGara, Joseph J Ruzbarsky, Dean G Lorich

Abstract

Aim: To systematically review and quantify the efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA) use in reducing the risk of receiving a blood transfusion in patients undergoing orthopaedic trauma surgery, in reducing blood loss, and risk of thromboembolic events.

Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using MEDLINE, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and conference proceeding abstracts from 2014 to 2016. A minimum of 2 reviewers screened each study and graded quality. The primary outcome measure was the risk of receiving a blood transfusion in the TXA group versus control. A meta-analysis was performed to construct a combined odds ratio (OR) of receiving a blood transfusion, mean difference (MD) of blood loss, and OR of thromboembolic events.

Results: Twelve studies were included in the quantitative analysis (1,333 patients). The risk of blood transfusion was significantly less in patients who were administered TXA compared with controls [OR 0.407; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.278-0.594, I = 34, Q = 17, P ≤ 0.001]. There was significantly less blood loss in the TXA group compared with controls, as the mean difference was 304 mL (95% CI, 142-467 mL) (I = 94, Q value = 103, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in risk of symptomatic thromboembolic events (OR 0.968; 95% CI, 0.530-1.766, I = 0, Q value = 5, P = 0.684).

Conclusions: In patients with orthopaedic trauma, TXA reduces the risk of blood transfusion, reduces perioperative blood loss, and has no significant effect on the risk of symptomatic thromboembolic events. More high-quality studies are needed to ensure the safety of the drug in these patients.

Level of evidence: Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Figures

Figure 1:
Figure 1:
PRISMA flow diagram of search and study selection.
Figure 2:
Figure 2:
Forest plot of TXA versus control in terms of rate of blood transfusion.
Figure 3:
Figure 3:
Forest plot of TXA versus control in terms of blood loss.

Source: PubMed

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