Sleep Spindle Characteristics in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS)

Hiwa Mohammadi, Ardalan Aarabi, Mohammad Rezaei, Habibolah Khazaie, Serge Brand, Hiwa Mohammadi, Ardalan Aarabi, Mohammad Rezaei, Habibolah Khazaie, Serge Brand

Abstract

Background: We compared the density and duration of sleep spindles topographically in stage 2 and 3 of non-rapid eye movement sleep (N2 and N3) among adults diagnosed with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) and healthy controls. Materials and Methods: Thirty-one individuals with OSAS (mean age: 48.50 years) and 23 healthy controls took part in the study. All participants underwent a whole night polysomnography. Additionally, those with OSAS were divided into mild, moderate and severe cases of OSAS. Results: For N2, sleep spindle density did not significantly differ between participants with and without OSAS, or among those with mild, moderate and severe OSAS. For N3, post-hoc analyses revealed significantly higher spindle densities in healthy controls and individuals with mild OSAS than in those with moderate or severe OSAS. Last, in N2 a higher AHI was associated with a shorter sleep spindle duration. Conclusion: OSAS is associated with a significantly lower spindle density in N3 and a shorter spindle duration in N2. Our results also revealed that, in contrast to moderate and severe OSAS, the sleep spindle characteristics of individuals with mild OSAS were very similar to those of healthy controls.

Keywords: N2; N3 apnea/hypopnea index; obstructive sleep apnea syndrome; spindle density; spindle duration.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Copyright © 2021 Mohammadi, Aarabi, Rezaei, Khazaie and Brand.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Boxplots displaying the median and interquartile range of sleep spindle density between patients with OSA and normal sleepers in N2 in different measurement sites.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Boxplots displaying the median and interquartile range of sleep spindle density between patients with OSA and normal sleepers in N3 in different measurement sites.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Boxplots displaying the median and interquartile range of sleep spindle duration for patients with OSA and normal sleepers in N2 in different measurement sites.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Boxplots displaying the median and interquartile range of sleep spindle duration for patients with OSA and normal sleepers in t N3 in different measurement sites.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Spindle density distribution vs. AHI in N2 for each group.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Spindle density distribution vs. AHI in N3 for each group.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Spindle duration distribution vs. AHI in N2 for each group.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Spindle duration vs. AHI in N3 for each group.

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