Management strategies for the treatment and prevention of postoperative/postdischarge nausea and vomiting: an updated review

Ofelia Loani Elvir-Lazo, Paul F White, Roya Yumul, Hillenn Cruz Eng, Ofelia Loani Elvir-Lazo, Paul F White, Roya Yumul, Hillenn Cruz Eng

Abstract

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and postdischarge nausea and vomiting (PDNV) remain common and distressing complications following surgery. The routine use of opioid analgesics for perioperative pain management is a major contributing factor to both PONV and PDNV after surgery. PONV and PDNV can delay discharge from the hospital or surgicenter, delay the return to normal activities of daily living after discharge home, and increase medical costs. The high incidence of PONV and PDNV has persisted despite the introduction of many new antiemetic drugs (and more aggressive use of antiemetic prophylaxis) over the last two decades as a result of growth in minimally invasive ambulatory surgery and the increased emphasis on earlier mobilization and discharge after both minor and major surgical procedures (e.g. enhanced recovery protocols). Pharmacologic management of PONV should be tailored to the patient's risk level using the validated PONV and PDNV risk-scoring systems to encourage cost-effective practices and minimize the potential for adverse side effects due to drug interactions in the perioperative period. A combination of prophylactic antiemetic drugs with different mechanisms of action should be administered to patients with moderate to high risk of developing PONV. In addition to utilizing prophylactic antiemetic drugs, the management of perioperative pain using opioid-sparing multimodal analgesic techniques is critically important for achieving an enhanced recovery after surgery. In conclusion, the utilization of strategies to reduce the baseline risk of PONV (e.g. adequate hydration and the use of nonpharmacologic antiemetic and opioid-sparing analgesic techniques) and implementing multimodal antiemetic and analgesic regimens will reduce the likelihood of patients developing PONV and PDNV after surgery.

Keywords: Antiemetic drugs; Aromatherapy; Multimodal antiemetic therapy; Neiguan point (PC6).; Non-pharmacologic antiemetic therapies; Postdischarge nausea and vomiting (PDNV); Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV); Retching.

Conflict of interest statement

No competing interests were disclosed.No competing interests were disclosed.No competing interests were disclosed.

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1. Kolodzie K, Apfel CC: Nausea and vomiting after office-based anesthesia. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2009;22(4):532–8. 10.1097/ACO.0b013e32832dba81
1. Chinnappa V, Chung F: Post-discharge nausea and vomiting: An overlooked aspect of ambulatory anesthesia? Can J Anaesth. 2008;55(9):565–71. 10.1007/BF03021429
1. Apfel CC, Philip BK, Cakmakkaya OS, et al. : Who Is at Risk for Postdischarge Nausea and Vomiting after Ambulatory Surgery? Anesthesiology. 2012;117(3):475–86. 10.1097/ALN.0b013e318267ef31
2. Faculty Opinions Recommendation
1. White PF, Zhao M, Tang J, et al. : Use of a disposable acupressure device as part of a multimodal antiemetic strategy for reducing postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg. 2012;115(1):31–7. 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182536f27
2. Faculty Opinions Recommendation
1. Coloma M, White PF, Ogunnaike BO, et al. : Comparison of Acustimulation and Ondansetron for the Treatment of Established Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting. Anesthesiology. 2002;97(6):1387–92. 10.1097/00000542-200212000-00009
1. White PF, Issioui T, Hu J, et al. : Comparative efficacy of acustimulation (ReliefBand) versus ondansetron (Zofran) in combination with droperidol for preventing nausea and vomiting. Anesthesiology. 2002;97(5):1075–81. 10.1097/00000542-200211000-00008
1. Odom-Forren J, Rayens MK, Gokun Y, et al. : The Relationship of Pain and Nausea in Postoperative Patients for 1 Week After Ambulatory Surgery. Clin J Pain. 2015;31(10):845–51. 10.1097/AJP.0000000000000170
1. Odom-Forren J, Jalota L, Moser DK, et al. : Incidence and predictors of postdischarge nausea and vomiting in a 7-day population. J Clin Anesth. 2013;25(7):551–9. 10.1016/j.jclinane.2013.05.008
1. Bergese SD, Puente EG, Antor MA, et al. : A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Double-Dummy Pilot Study to Assess the Preemptive Effect of Triple Therapy with Aprepitant, Dexamethasone, and Promethazine versus Ondansetron, Dexamethasone and Promethazine on Reducing the Incidence of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Experienced by Patients Undergoing Craniotomy Under General Anesthesia. Front Med (Lausanne). 2016;3:29. 10.3389/fmed.2016.00029
1. Imani F, Zafarghandi-Motlagh M: Postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopy. J Minim Invasive Surg Sci. 2013;2:138–43.
1. Ryu JH, Lee JE, Lim YJ, et al. : A prospective, randomized, double-blind, and multicenter trial of prophylactic effects of ramosetronon postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after craniotomy: Comparison with ondansetron. BMC Anesthesiol. 2014;14:63. 10.1186/1471-2253-14-63
1. Alimian M, Imani F, Faiz SHR, et al. : Effect of oral pregabalin premedication on post-operative pain in laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery. Anesth Pain Med. 2012;2(1):12–6. 10.5812/aapm.4300
1. Lee A, Chan SKC, Fan LTY: Stimulation of the wrist acupuncture point PC6 for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;2015(11):CD003281. 10.1002/14651858.CD003281.pub4
1. Manahan MA, Basdag B, Kalmar CL, et al. : Risk of severe and refractory postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing diep flap breast reconstruction. Microsurgery. 2014;34(2):112–21. 10.1002/micr.22155
1. Apfel CC, Korttila K, Abdalla M, et al. : A Factorial Trial of Six Interventions for the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting. N Engl J Med. 2004;350(24):2441–51. 10.1056/NEJMoa032196
1. Tang J, Wang B, White PF, et al. : The effect of timing of ondansetron administration on its efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and cost-benefit as a prophylactic antiemetic in the ambulatory setting. Anesth Analg. 1998;86(2):274–82. 10.1097/00000539-199802000-00010
1. White PF, Tang J, Hamza MA, et al. : The use of oral granisetron versus intravenous ondansetron for antiemetic prophylaxis in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery: The effect on emetic symptoms and quality of recovery. Anesth Analg. 2006;102(5):1387–93. 10.1213/
1. Kamali A, Ahmadi L, Shokrpour M, et al. : Investigation of Ondansetron, Haloperidol, and Dexmedetomidine Efficacy for Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting In Patients with Abdominal Hysterectomy. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2018;6(9):1659–63. 10.3889/oamjms.2018.366
1. Isazadehfar K, Entezariasl M, Shahbazzadegan B, et al. : The Comparative Study of Ondansetron and Metoclopramide Effects in Reducing Nausea and Vomiting After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Acta Med Iran. 2017;55(4):254–8.
1. Bai B, Pei LJ, Zhang YL, et al. : Adding Ondansetron in Morphine Intravenous Analgesia Pump for Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Women. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao. 2018;40(3):373–7. 10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.2018.03.013
1. Pazoki S, Modir H, Kamali A, et al. : Ondansetron 8 mg and 4 mg with normal saline against post-operative headache and nausea/vomiting after spinal anesthesia: A randomized double-blind trial. Med Gas Res. 2018;8(2):48–53. 10.4103/2045-9912.235125
1. Koyuncu O, Leung S, You J, et al. : The effect of ondansetron on analgesic efficacy of acetaminophen after hysterectomy: A randomized double blinded placebo controlled trial. J Clin Anesth. 2017;40:78–83. 10.1016/j.jclinane.2017.03.049
1. Zhu M, Zhou C, Huang B, et al. : Granisetron plus dexamethasone for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery: A meta-analysis. J Int Med Res. 2017;45(3):904–11. 10.1177/0300060517703276
1. Lee WS, Lee KB, Lim S, et al. : Comparison of palonosetron, granisetron, and ramosetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic gynecologic surgery: A prospective randomized trial. BMC Anesthesiol. 2015;15:121. 10.1186/s12871-015-0102-0
1. Tahir S, Mir AA, Hameed A: Comparison of Palonosetron with Granisetron for Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery. Anesth Essays Res. 2018;12(3):636–43. 10.4103/aer.AER_84_18
1. White PF: Ambulatory Anesthesia and Surgery. London,WB Saunders,1997;442.
1. Hahm TS, Ko JS, Choi SJ, et al. : Comparison of the prophylactic anti-emetic efficacy of ramosetron and ondansetron in patients at high-risk for postoperative nausea and vomiting after total knee replacement. Anaesthesia. 2010;65(5):500–4. 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2010.06310.x
1. Joo J, Park S, Park HJ, et al. : Ramosetron versus ondansetron for postoperative nausea and vomiting in strabismus surgery patients. BMC Anesthesiol. 2016;16(1):41. 10.1186/s12871-016-0210-5
1. Gao C, Li B, Xu L, et al. : Efficacy and safety of ramosetron versus ondansetron for postoperative nausea and vomiting after general anesthesia: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015;9:2343–50. 10.2147/DDDT.S80407
1. Yokoi A, Mihara T, Ka K, et al. : Comparative efficacy of ramosetron and ondansetron in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0186006. 10.1371/journal.pone.0186006
1. Choi YS, Sohn HM, Do SH, et al. : Comparison of ramosetron and ondansetron for the treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic surgery: A prospective, randomized, double-blinded multicenter trial. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2018;14:601–6. 10.2147/TCRM.S159211
1. Pinsornsak P, Teeyaphudit M, Ruetiwarangkoon C, et al. : Comparison of Ramosetron With Ondansetron for Prevention of Intrathecal Morphine-Induced Nausea and Vomiting After Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Control Trial. J Arthroplasty. 2017;32(3):1040–3. 10.1016/j.arth.2016.09.013
1. Park HE, Kim MK, Kang WK: Efficacy and Safety of Ramosetron Injection for Nausea and Vomiting in Colorectal-Cancer Patients Undergoing a Laparoscopic Colectomy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Comparative Study. Ann Coloproctol. 2018;34(1):36–41. 10.3393/ac.2018.34.1.36
1. Lee B, Kim K, Suh DH, et al. : Efficacy of Single-dose and 2-dose Intravenous Administration of Ramosetron in Preventing Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting After Laparoscopic Gynecologic Operation: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Phase 2 Trial. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2017;27(3):183–8. 10.1097/SLE.0000000000000399
1. Wangnamthip S, Chinachoti T, Amornyotin S, et al. : A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Oral Ramosetron for Prevention of Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting after Intrathecal Morphine in Patients Undergoing Gynecological Surgery. J Med Assoc Thai. 2016;99(5):455–61.
1. Singh PM, Borle A, Gouda D, et al. : Efficacy of palonosetron in postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV)-a meta-analysis. J Clin Anesth. 2016;34:459–82. 10.1016/j.jclinane.2016.05.018
1. Ahn EJ, Choi GJ, Kang H, et al. : Comparison of Ramosetron with Palonosetron for Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Receiving Opioid-Based Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia after Gynecological Laparoscopy. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:9341738. 10.1155/2017/9341738
1. Carvalho Braga EL, Figueiredo NV, Barrucand L, et al. : Use of palonosetron and ondansetron in the prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting in women 60 years of age or older undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A randomised double-blind study. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2019;36(3):241–2. 10.1097/EJA.0000000000000932
2. Faculty Opinions Recommendation
1. Liu Q, Zhou C, Bao Z, et al. : Effects of palonosetron and ondansetron on preventing nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic surgery. J Int Med Res. 2018;46(1):411–20. 10.1177/0300060517715374
1. Reddy G, Manjusruthi B, Jyothsna G: Postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis: A comparative study of ramosetron and palonosetron in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy - A prospective randomized trial. Anesth Essays Res. 2019;13:68–72. 10.4103/aer.AER_192_18
2. Faculty Opinions Recommendation
1. Kim MS, Park JH, Choi YS, et al. : Efficacy of Palonosetron vs. Ramosetron for the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Yonsei Med J. 2017;58(4):848–58. 10.3349/ymj.2017.58.4.848
1. Wang JJ, Ho ST, Lee SC, et al. : The use of dexamethasone for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in females undergoing thyroidectomy: A dose-ranging study. Anesth Analg. 2000;91(6):1404–7. 10.1097/00000539-200012000-00019
1. Maitra S, Som A, Baidya DK, et al. : Comparison of Ondansetron and Dexamethasone for Prophylaxis of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgeries: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Anesthesiol Res Pract. 2016;2016:7089454. 10.1155/2016/7089454
1. Parthasarathy P, Babu K, Raghavendra Rao RS, et al. : The Effect of Single-dose Intravenous Dexamethasone on Postoperative Pain and Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergoing Surgery under Spinal Anesthesia: A Double-blind Randomized Clinical Study. Anesth Essays Res. 2018;12(2):313–7. 10.4103/aer.AER_159_17
1. Ormel G, Romundstad L, Lambert-Jensen P, et al. : Dexamethasone has additive effect when combined with ondansetron and droperidol for treatment of established PONV. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2011;55(10):1196–205. 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2011.02536.x
1. Murphy GS, Szokol JW, Greenberg SB, et al. : Preoperative dexamethasone enhances quality of recovery after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Effect on in-hospital and postdischarge recovery outcomes. Anesthesiology. 2011;114(4):882–90. 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181ec642e
1. Ismail EA, Bakri MH, Abd-Elshafy SK: Dexamethasone alone versus in combination with intra-operative super-hydration for postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis in female patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A randomized clinical trial. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2017;70(5):535–541. 10.4097/kjae.2017.70.5.535
1. Awad K, Ahmed H, Abushouk AI, et al. : Dexamethasone combined with other antiemetics versus single antiemetics for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Surg. 2016;36(Pt A):152–63. 10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.10.034
1. Kumar A, Patodia M, Pandove P, et al. : A randomized, placebo-controlled study evaluating preventive role of ondansetron, dexamethasone and ondansetron plus dexamethasone for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Journal International Medical Sciences Academy 2013;26(4):217–8.
1. Coloma M, White PF, Markowitz SD, et al. : Dexamethasone in Combination With Dolasetron for Prophylaxis in the Ambulatory Setting: Effect on Outcome After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Anesthesiology. 2002;96(6):1346–50. 10.1097/00000542-200206000-00013
1. Amer M, Uddin S, Rasheed F: Comparison of use of metoclopramide alone and in combination with dexamethasone for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Pak J Med Health Sci. 2012;6(3):626–8.
1. Jo YY, Lee JW, Shim JK, et al. : Ramosetron, dexamethasone, and their combination for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in women undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc. 2012;26(8):2306–11. 10.1007/s00464-012-2180-0
1. Ahsan K, Abbas N, Naqvi SMN, et al. : Comparison of efficacy of ondansetron and dexamethasone combination and ondansetron alone in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Pak Med Assoc. 2014;64(3):242–6.
1. Ko-Iam W, Sandhu T, Paiboonworachat S, et al. : Metoclopramide, versus its combination with dexamethasone in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. J Med Assoc Thai. 2015;98(3):265–72.
1. Bala I, Bharti N, Murugesan S, et al. : Comparison of palonosetron with palonosetron-dexamethasone combination for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Minerva Anestesiol. 2014;80(7):779–84.
1. Alia I, Gillani M, Hanif A, et al. : Comparison of ondansetron and combination of ondansetron and dexamethasone for prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Pak J Med Health Sci. 2015;9(4):1387–89.
1. Gupta R, Srivastava S, Dhiraaj S, et al. : Minimum effective dose of dexamethasone in combination with midazolam as prophylaxis against postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Anesth Essays Res. 2018;12(2):396–401. 10.4103/aer.AER_19_18
1. Cortés-Flores AO, Jiménez-Tornero J, Morgan-Villela G, et al. : Effects of preoperative dexamethasone on postoperative pain, nausea, vomiting and respiratory function in women undergoing conservative breast surgery for cancer: Results of a controlled clinical trial. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2018;27(1). 10.1111/ecc.12686
1. DREAMS Trial Collaborators and West Midlands Research Collaborative: Dexamethasone versus standard treatment for postoperative nausea and vomiting in gastrointestinal surgery: Randomised controlled trial (DREAMS Trial). BMJ. 2017;357:j1455. 10.1136/bmj.j1455
1. Xu B, Ma J, Huang Q, et al. : Two doses of low-dose perioperative dexamethasone improve the clinical outcome after total knee arthroplasty: A randomized controlled study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2018;26(5):1549–56. 10.1007/s00167-017-4506-x
1. Fan Z, Ma J, Kuang M, et al. : The efficacy of dexamethasone reducing postoperative pain and emesis after total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Surg. 2018;52:149–55. 10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.02.043
1. Ismail EA, Abo Elfadl GM, Bahloul M: Comparison of intraperitoneal versus intravenous dexamethasone on postoperative nausea and vomiting after gynecological laparoscopy: A randomized clinical trial. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2019;72(1):47–52. 10.4097/kja.d.18.00132
2. Faculty Opinions Recommendation
1. Seki H, Wakamiya R, Ihara N, et al. : The Effect of Dexamethasone on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Posterior Correction and Fusion Surgery for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis. Masui. 2017;66(3):298–302.
1. Sane S, Hasanlui MV, Abbasivash R, et al. : Comparing the effect of intravenous dexamethasone, intravenous ondansetron, and their combination on nausea and vomiting in cesarean section with spinal anesthesia. Adv Biomed Res. 2015;4:230. 10.4103/2277-9175.167030
1. Wakamiya R, Seki H, Ideno S, et al. : Effects of prophylactic dexamethasone on postoperative nausea and vomiting in scoliosis correction surgery: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):2119. 10.1038/s41598-019-38764-8
2. Faculty Opinions Recommendation
1. Reibaldi M, Fallico M, Longo A, et al. : Efficacy of Three Different Prophylactic Treatments for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting after Vitrectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Clin Med. 2019;8(3):391. 10.3390/jcm8030391
2. Faculty Opinions Recommendation
1. Cho E, Kim DH, Shin S, et al. : Efficacy of Palonosetron-Dexamethasone Combination Versus Palonosetron Alone for Preventing Nausea and Vomiting Related to Opioid-Based Analgesia: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind Trial. Int J Med Sci. 2018;15(10):961–8. 10.7150/ijms.24230
1. Frelich M, Divák J, Vodička V, et al. : Dexamethasone Reduces the Incidence of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Children Undergoing Endoscopic Adenoidectomy under General Anesthesia Without Increasing the Risk of Postoperative Hemorrhage. Med Sci Monit. 2018;24:8430–8. 10.12659/MSM.911231
1. Sayed JA, Riad MAF, Ali MOM: Comparison of dexamethasone or intravenous fluids or combination of both on postoperative nausea, vomiting and pain in pediatric strabismus surgery. J Clin Anesth. 2016;34:136–42. 10.1016/j.jclinane.2016.03.049
1. Haapanen A, Thorén H, Törnwall J, et al. : Postoperative nausea and vomiting in facial fracture patients: A Randomized and controlled trial on the effect of dexamethasone. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2017;46(10):1267–70. 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.03.026
1. Kleif J, Kirkegaard A, Vilandt J, et al. : Randomized clinical trial of preoperative dexamethasone on postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopy for suspected appendicitis. Br J Surg. 2017;104(4):384–92. 10.1002/bjs.10418
1. Thongrong C, Chullabodhi P, Kasemsiri P, et al. : Effects of Intraoperative Dexamethasone and Ondansetron on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Microvascular Decompression Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Study. Anesthesiology Research and Practice. 2018;2018:6297362. 10.1155/2018/6297362
1. Singh PM, Borle A, Panwar R, et al. : Perioperative antiemetic efficacy of dexamethasone versus 5-HT3 receptor antagonists: A meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2018;74(10):1201–14. 10.1007/s00228-018-2495-4
1. Wasfie T, Tabatabai A, Hedni R, et al. : Effect of intra-operative single dose of dexamethasone for control of post-operative nausea and vomiting on the control of glucose levels in diabetic patients. Am J Surg. 2018;215(3):488–90. 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2017.11.019
1. Aasboe V, Raeder JC, Groegaard B: Betamethasone Reduces Postoperative Pain and Nausea After Ambulatory Surgery. Anesth Analg. 1998;87(2):319–23. 10.1097/00000539-199808000-00015
1. Thagaard KS, Jensen HH, Raeder J: Analgesic and antiemetic effect of ketorolac vs. betamethasone or dexamethasone after ambulatory surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2007;51(3):271–7. 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2006.01240.x
1. Olanders KJ, Lundgren GAE, Johansson AMG: Betamethasone in prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting following breast surgery. J Clin Anesth. 2014;26(6):461–5. 10.1016/j.jclinane.2014.02.006
1. Champion S, Zieger L, Hemery C: Prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting after cardiac surgery in high-risk patients: A randomized controlled study. Ann Card Anaesth. 2018;21(1):8–14. 10.4103/aca.ACA_122_17
1. Nordin L, Nordlund A, Lindqvist A, et al. : Corticosteroids or Not for Postoperative Nausea: A Double-Blinded Randomized Study. J Gastrointest Surg. 2016;20(8):1517–22. 10.1007/s11605-016-3166-3
1. Liu M, Zhang H, Du BX, et al. : Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists in Preventing Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94(19):e762. 10.1097/MD.0000000000000762
1. Gesztesi Z, Scuderi PE, White PF, et al. : Substance P (Neurokinin-1) antagonist prevents postoperative vomiting after abdominal hysterectomy procedures. Anesthesiology. 2000;93(4):931–7. 10.1097/00000542-200010000-00009
1. Diemunsch P, Gan TJ, Philip BK, et al. : Single-dose aprepitant vs ondansetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: A randomized, double-blind Phase III trial in patients undergoing open abdominal surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2007;99(2):202–11. 10.1093/bja/aem133
1. Milnes V, Gonzalez A, Amos V: Aprepitant: A New Modality for the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: An Evidence-Based Review. J Perianesth Nurs. 2015;30(5):406–17. 10.1016/j.jopan.2014.11.013
1. Gan TJ, Apfel CC, Kovac A, et al. : A Randomized, Double-Blind Comparison of the NK1 Antagonist, Aprepitant, Versus Ondansetron for the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting. Anesth Analg. 2007;104(5):1082–9. 10.1213/01.ane.0000263277.35140.a3
1. Emami H, Hematti S, Saeidian SM, et al. : The efficacy of combination of ondansetron and aprepitant on preventing the radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. J Res Med Sci. 2015;20(4):329–33.
1. Bilgen S, Kizilcik N, Haliloglu M, et al. : Effect of the Dexamethasone-Ondansetron Combination Versus Dexamethasone-Aprepitant Combination to Prevent Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting. Turk J Anaesth Reanim. 2018;46(5):373–80. 10.5152/TJAR.2018.53179
1. Habib AS, Keifer JC, Borel CO, et al. : A comparison of the combination of aprepitant and dexamethasone versus the combination of ondansetron and dexamethasone for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing craniotomy. Anesth Analg. 2011;112(4):813–8. 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181ff47e2
1. Jeyabalan S, Thampi S, Karuppusami R, et al. : Comparing the efficacy of aprepitant and ondansetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV): A double blinded, randomised control trial in patients undergoing breast and thyroid surgeries. Indian J Anaesth. 2019;63(4):289–294. 10.4103/ija.IJA_724_18
2. Faculty Opinions Recommendation
1. Yoo JH, Im Kim S, Chung JW, et al. : Aprepitant in combination with palonosetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in female patients using intravenous patient-controlled analgesia. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2018;71(16):440–446. 10.4097/kja.d.18.00011
1. Salman FT, DiCristina C, Chain A, et al. : Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of aprepitant for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in pediatric subjects. J Pediatr Surg. 2019;54(7):1384–90. 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2018.09.006
2. Faculty Opinions Recommendation
1. Atsuta J, Inoue S, Tanaka Y, et al. : Fosaprepitant versus droperidol for prevention of PONV in craniotomy: A randomized double-blind study. J Anesth. 2017;31(1):82–8. 10.1007/s00540-016-2267-1
1. Soga T, Kume K, Kakuta N, et al. : Fosaprepitant versus ondansetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients who undergo gynecologic abdominal surgery with patient-controlled epidural analgesia: A prospective, randomized, double-blind study. J Anesth. 2015;29(5):696–701. 10.1007/s00540-015-2006-z
1. White PF: Droperidol: A cost-effective antiemetic for over thirty years. Anesth Analg. 2002;95(4):789–90. 10.1097/00000539-200210000-00001
1. Fortney JT, Gan TJ, Graczyk S, et al. : A Comparison of the Efficacy, Safety, and Patient Satisfaction of Ondansetron Versus Droperidol as Antiemetics for Elective Outpatient Surgical Procedures. Anesth Analg. 1998;86(4):731–8. 10.1097/00000539-199804000-00011
1. Hill RP, Lubarsky DA, Phillips-Bute B, et al. : Cost-effectiveness of prophylactic antiemetic therapy with ondansetron, droperidol, or placebo. Anesthesiology. 2000;92(4):958–67. 10.1097/00000542-200004000-00012
1. White PF: Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting--a multimodal solution to a persistent problem. N Engl J Med. 2004;350(24):2511–2. 10.1056/NEJMe048099
1. Tricco AC, Soobiah C, Blondal E, et al. : Comparative safety of serotonin (5-HT 3) receptor antagonists in patients undergoing surgery: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMC Med. 2015;13:142. 10.1186/s12916-015-0379-3
1. Flubacher P, Fournier N, Cherpillod J, et al. : A randomised controlled trial of placebo, droperidol or ondansetron to prevent nausea and vomiting after tonsillectomy in children receiving dexamethasone. Anaesthesia. 2017;72(7):859–63. 10.1111/anae.13907
1. Charton A, Greib N, Ruimy A, et al. : Incidence of akathisia after postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis with droperidol and ondansetron in outpatient surgery: A multicentre controlled randomised trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2018;35(12):966–71. 10.1097/EJA.0000000000000821
1. Bourdaud N, François C, Jacqmarcq O, et al. : Addition of droperidol to prophylactic ondansetron and dexamethasone in children at high risk for postoperative vomiting. A randomized, controlled, double-blind study. Br J Anaesth. 2017;118(6):918–23. 10.1093/bja/aex099
1. Singh PM, Borle A, Makkar JK, et al. : Haloperidol Versus 5-HT 3 Receptor Antagonists for Postoperative Vomiting and QTc Prolongation: A Noninferiority Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Clin Pharmacol. 2018;58(2):131–43. 10.1002/jcph.999
1. Brettner F, Janitza S, Prüll K, et al. : Gender-Specific Differences in Low-Dose Haloperidol Response for Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: A Register-Based Cohort Study. PLoS One. 2016;11(1):e0146746. 10.1371/journal.pone.0146746
1. Mishriky BM, Habib AS: Metoclopramide for nausea and vomiting prophylaxis during and after Caesarean delivery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth. 2012;108(3):374–83. 10.1093/bja/aer509
1. Habib AS, Kranke P, Bergese SD, et al. : Amisulpride for the Rescue Treatment of Postoperative Nausea or Vomiting in Patients Failing Prophylaxis: A Randomized, Placebo-controlled Phase III Trial. Anesthesiology. 2019;130(2):203–12. 10.1097/ALN.0000000000002509
2. Faculty Opinions Recommendation
1. Candiotti KA, Kranke P, Bergese SD, et al. : Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Intravenous Amisulpride as Treatment of Established Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Who Have Had No Prior Prophylaxis. Anesth Analg. 2019;128(6):1098–105. 10.1213/ANE.0000000000003733
2. Faculty Opinions Recommendation
1. Gan TJ, Kranke P, Minkowitz HS, et al. : Intravenous Amisulpride for the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: Two Concurrent, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trials. Anesthesiology. 2017;126(2):268–75. 10.1097/ALN.0000000000001458
1. Kranke P, Bergese SD, Minkowitz HS, et al. : Amisulpride Prevents Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients at High Risk: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial. Anesthesiology. 2018;128(6):1099–106. 10.1097/ALN.0000000000002133
1. White PF, Tang J, Song D, et al. : Transdermal scopolamine: An alternative to ondansetron and droperidol for the prevention of postoperative and postdischarge emetic symptoms. Anesth Analg. 2007;104(1):92–6. 10.1213/01.ane.0000250364.91567.72
1. Apfel CC, Zhang K, George E, et al. : Transdermal scopolamine for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Ther. 2010;32(12):1987–2002. 10.1016/j.clinthera.2010.11.014
1. Pergolizzi JV, Philip BK, Leslie JB, et al. : Perspectives on transdermal scopolamine for the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. J Clin Anesth. 2012;24(4):334–45. 10.1016/j.jclinane.2011.07.019
1. Kassel L, Nelson M, Shine J, et al. : Scopolamine Use in the Perioperative Patient: A Systematic Review. AORN J. 2018;108(3):287–95. 10.1002/aorn.12336
1. Cangemi DJ, Kuo B: Practical Perspectives in the Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2019;53(3):170–8. 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001164
1. Suzuki T, Inokuchi R, Hanaoka K, et al. : Dexmedetomidine use during epiduroscopy reduces fentanyl use and postoperative nausea and vomiting: A single-center retrospective study. SAGE Open Med. 2018;6:2050312118756804. 10.1177/2050312118756804
1. Geng ZY, Liu YF, Wang SS, et al. : Intra-operative Dexmedetomidine Reduces Early Postoperative Nausea but Not Vomiting in Adult Patients After Gynaecological Laparoscopic Surgery: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2016;33(10):761–6. 10.1097/EJA.0000000000000491
1. Jin S, Liang DD, Chen C, et al. : Dexmedetomidine prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting on patients during general anesthesia: A PRISMA-compliant meta analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(1):e5770. 10.1097/MD.0000000000005770
1. Ajori L, Nazari L, Mazloomfard MM, et al. : Effects of gabapentin on postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting after abdominal hysterectomy: A double blind randomized clinical trial. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2012;285(3):677–82. 10.1007/s00404-011-2023-6
1. Grant MC, Lee H, Page AJ, et al. : The Effect of Preoperative Gabapentin on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: A Meta-Analysis. Anesth Analg. 2016;122(4):976–85. 10.1213/ANE.0000000000001120
1. Agrawal N, Chatterjee C, Khandelwal M, et al. : Comparative study of preoperative use of oral gabapentin, intravenous dexamethasone and their combination in gynaecological procedure. Saudi J Anaesth. 2015;9(4):413–7. 10.4103/1658-354X.159466
1. Tsai KC, Yang YL, Fan PC: Gabapentin for Postoperative Vomiting in Children Requiring Posterior Fossa Tumor Resection. Pediatr Neonatol. 2015;56(3):351–4. 10.1016/j.pedneo.2013.04.002
1. Grant MC, Betz M, Hulse M, et al. : The Effect of Preoperative Pregabalin on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: A Meta-analysis. Anesth Analg. 2016;123(5):1100–7. 10.1213/ANE.0000000000001404
1. Wang YM, Xia M, Shan N, et al. : Pregabalin Can Decrease Acute Pain and Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Hysterectomy: A Meta-Analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(31):e7714. 10.1097/MD.0000000000007714
1. White PF, Tufanogullari B, Taylor J, et al. : The effect of pregabalin on preoperative anxiety and sedation levels: A dose-ranging study. Anesth Analg. 2009;108(4):1140–5. 10.1213/ane.0b013e31818d40ce
2. Faculty Opinions Recommendation
1. Kizilcik N, Bilgen S, Menda F, et al. : Comparison of Dexamethasone-Dimenhydrinate and Dexamethasone-Ondansetron in Prevention of Nausea and Vomiting in Postoperative Patients. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2017;41(1):204–10. 10.1007/s00266-016-0772-0
1. Malamood M, Roberts A, Kataria R, et al. : Mirtazapine for symptom control in refractory gastroparesis. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2017;11:1035–41. 10.2147/DDDT.S125743
1. Bhattacharjee D, Doleman B, Lund J, et al. : Mirtazapine for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Trial Sequential Analysis. J Perianesth Nurs. 2019;34(4):680–90. 10.1016/j.jopan.2018.11.006
2. Faculty Opinions Recommendation
1. Heidari SM, Saryazdi H, Saghaei M: Effect of intravenous midazolam premedication on postoperative nausea and vomiting after cholecystectomy. Acta Anaesthesiol Taiwan. 2004;42(2):77–80.
1. Jung JS, Park JS, Kim SO, et al. : Prophylactic antiemetic effect of midazolam after middle ear surgery. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016;137(5):753–6. 10.1016/j.otohns.2007.07.024
1. Shirdashtzadeh N, Eshraghi N, Eshraghi A: Comparison of parenteral promethazine versus midazolam effect as a preoperative medication on postoperative nausea and vomiting after appendectomy. Caspian J Intern Med. 2011;2(3):270–3.
1. Kranke P, Eberhart LHJ: Possibilities and limitations in the pharmacological management of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2011;28(11):758–65. 10.1097/EJA.0b013e32834a4e1e
1. Honarmand A, Safavi M, Khalili G, et al. : Prophylactic administration of haloperidol plus midazolam reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting better than using each drug alone in patients undergoing middle ear surgery. Saudi J Anaesth. 2012;6(2):145–51. 10.4103/1658-354X.97028
1. Kim WJ, Kang H, Shin HY, et al. : Ramosetron, midazolam, and combination of ramosetron and midazolam for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: A prospective, randomized, double-blind study. J Int Med Res. 2013;41(4):1203–13. 10.1177/0300060513485864
1. Park EY, Lee SK, Kang MH, et al. : Comparison of ramosetron with combined ramosetron and midazolam for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients at high risk following laparoscopic gynaecological surgery. J Int Med Res. 2013;41(3):654–63. 10.1177/0300060513487627
1. Abdelhamid S, Kamel M: A prospective controlled study to assess the antiemetic effect of midazolam following intragastric balloon insertion. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2014;30(3):383–6. 10.4103/0970-9185.137272
1. Grant MC, Kim J, Page AJ, et al. : The Effect of Intravenous Midazolam on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: A Meta-Analysis. Anesth Analg. 2016;122(3):656–63. 10.1213/ANE.0000000000000941
1. Jabaley CS, Gray DW, Budhrani GS, et al. : Chronic Atypical Antipsychotic Use Is Associated With Reduced Need for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Rescue in the Postanesthesia Care Unit: A Propensity-Matched Retrospective Observational Study. Anesth Analg. 2020;130(1):141–50. 10.1213/ANE.0000000000003990
2. Faculty Opinions Recommendation
1. Kang HY, Park SW, Lee S, et al. : Effect of prophylactic palonosetron and sugammadex on postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing microvascular decompression under propofol-maintained anesthesia: A retrospective observational study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(46):e13237. 10.1097/MD.0000000000013237
1. Aksoy M, İnce İ, Ahıskalıoğlu A, et al. : Effect of intravenous preoperative versus postoperative paracetamol on postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing strabismus surgery: A prospective randomized study. Agri. 2018;30(1):1–7. 10.5505/agri.2017.65872
1. Roberts CA, Shah-Becker S, O'Connell Ferster A, et al. : Randomized Prospective Evaluation of Intraoperative Intravenous Acetaminophen in Pediatric Adenotonsillectomy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2018;158(2):368–74. 10.1177/0194599817728911
1. Levin DN, Dulberg Z, Chan AW, et al. : A randomized-controlled trial of nabilone for the prevention of acute postoperative nausea and vomiting in elective surgery. Can J Anesth. 2017;64(4):385–95. 10.1007/s12630-017-0814-3
1. Ibrahim AS, Aly MG, Thabet ME, et al. : Effect of adding nalbuphine to intrathecal bupivacaine with morphine on postoperative nausea and vomiting and pruritus after elective cesarean delivery: A randomized double blinded study. Minerva Anestesiol. 2019;85(3):255–62. 10.23736/S0375-9393.18.12751-9
2. Faculty Opinions Recommendation
1. Kaba A, Laurent SR, Detroz BJ, et al. : Intravenous Lidocaine Infusion Facilitates Acute Rehabilitation after Laparoscopic Colectomy. Anesthesiology. 2007;106(1):11–8. 10.1097/00000542-200701000-00007
2. Faculty Opinions Recommendation
1. McKay A, Gottschalk A, Ploppa A, et al. : Systemic lidocaine decreased the perioperative opioid analgesic requirements but failed to reduce discharge time after ambulatory surgery. Anesth Analg. 2009;109(6):1805–8. 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181be371b
1. Lauwick S, Kim DJ, Mistraletti G, et al. : Functional walking capacity as an outcome measure of laparoscopic prostatectomy: The effect of lidocaine infusion. Br J Anaesth. 2009;103(2):213–9. 10.1093/bja/aep103
1. Herminghaus A, Wachowiak M, Wilhelm W, et al. : [Intravenous Administration of Lidocaine for Perioperative Analgesia. Review and Recommendations for Practical Usage]. Anaesthesist. 2011;60(2):152–60. 10.1007/s00101-010-1829-0
1. Tikuišis R, Miliauskas P, Samalavičius NE, et al. : Intravenous lidocaine for post-operative pain relief after hand-assisted laparoscopic colon surgery: A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Tech Coloproctol. 2014;18(4):373–80. 10.1007/s10151-013-1065-0
1. Ahn E, Kang H, Choi GJ, et al. : Intravenous lidocaine for effective pain relief after a laparoscopic colectomy: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Int Surg. 2015;100(3):394–401. 10.9738/INTSURG-D-14-00225.1
1. Weibel S, Jokinen J, Pace NL, et al. : Efficacy and safety of intravenous lidocaine for postoperative analgesia and recovery after surgery: A systematic review with trial sequential analysis. Br J Anaesth. 2016;116(6):770–83. 10.1093/bja/aew101
2. Faculty Opinions Recommendation
1. Echevarría GC, Altermatt FR, Paredes S, et al. : Intra-operative lidocaine in the prevention of vomiting after elective tonsillectomy in children: A randomised controlled trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2018;35(5):343–8. 10.1097/EJA.0000000000000807
1. Liu ZJ, Zhang LY, Zheng XG, et al. : [Effects of Continuous Intravenous Intraoperative Lidocaine Infusion on Opioids Consumption and Postoperative Recovery in Patients Undergoing Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Lobectomy]. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao. 2018;40(2):163–9.
1. Wang T, Liu H, Sun JH, et al. : Efficacy of intravenous lidocaine in improving post-operative nausea, vomiting and early recovery after laparoscopic gynaecological surgery. Exp Ther Med. 2019;17(6):4723–4729. 10.3892/etm.2019.7497
2. Faculty Opinions Recommendation
1. Dewinter G, Moens P, Fieuws S, et al. : Systemic lidocaine fails to improve postoperative morphine consumption, postoperative recovery and quality of life in patients undergoing posterior spinal arthrodesis. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Anaesth. 2017;118(4):576–85. 10.1093/bja/aex038
2. Faculty Opinions Recommendation
1. Sanchez Munoz MC, de Kock M, Forget P: What is the place of clonidine in anesthesia? Systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Anesth. 2017;38:140–53. 10.1016/j.jclinane.2017.02.003
1. Yang Y, Yu LY, Zhang WS: Clonidine versus other adjuncts added to local anesthetics for pediatric neuraxial blocks: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pain Res. 2018;11:1027–36. 10.2147/JPR.S158264
1. Oddby-Muhrbeck E, Eksborg S, Bergendahl HTG, et al. : Effects of Clonidine on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Breast Cancer Surgery. Anesthesiology. 2002;96(5):1109–14. 10.1097/00000542-200205000-00013
1. Masud M, Yeasmeen S, Haque AK, et al. : Role of Oral Clonidine Premedication on Intra-operative Haemodynamics and PONV in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Mymensingh Med J. 2017;26(4):913–20.
1. Kobayashi N, Ishii S: [Effectiveness of clonidine in postoperative nausea and vomiting--epidural versus oral administration]. Masui. 1997;46(4):538–42.
1. Segal IS, Jarvis DJ, Duncan SR, et al. : Clinical efficacy of oral-transdermal clonidine combinations during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology. 1991;74(2):220–5. 10.1097/00000542-199102000-00005
1. Allen TK, Mishriky BM, Klinger RY, et al. : The impact of neuraxial clonidine on postoperative analgesia and perioperative adverse effects in women having elective Caesarean section–a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth. 2018;120(2):228–40. 10.1016/j.bja.2017.11.085
1. Shilpa SNG, Shailaja S, Hilda SS: Comparison of Efficacy of Clonidine versus Ondansetron for Prevention of Nausea and Vomiting Post Thyroidectomy: A Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015;9(5):UC01–3. 10.7860/JCDR/2015/12721.5866
1. Samieirad S, Sharifian-Attar A, Eshghpour M, et al. : Comparison of Ondansetron versus Clonidine efficacy for prevention of postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting after orthognathic surgeries: A triple blind randomized controlled trial. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2018;23(6):e767–e776. 10.4317/medoral.22493
1. Carvalho FAE, Tenório SB, Shiohara FT, et al. : Randomized study of postcesarean analgesia with intrathecal morphine alone or combined with clonidine. J Clin Anesth. 2016;33:395–402. 10.1016/j.jclinane.2016.04.024
1. Munsterman C, Strauss P: Early Rehydration in Surgical Patients With Prolonged Fasting Decreases Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting. J Perianesth Nurs. 2018;33(5):626–31. 10.1016/j.jopan.2017.06.124
1. Kim HJ, Choi SH, Eum D, et al. : Is perioperative colloid infusion more effective than crystalloid in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting?: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(7):e14339. 10.1097/MD.0000000000014339
2. Faculty Opinions Recommendation
1. Apfel CC, Meyer A, Orhan-Sungur M, et al. : Supplemental intravenous crystalloids for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: Quantitative review. Br J Anaesth. 2012;108(6):893–902. 10.1093/bja/aes138
1. Jewer JK, Wong MJ, Bird SJ, et al. : Supplemental perioperative intravenous crystalloids for postoperative nausea and vomiting. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;3(3):CD012212. 10.1002/14651858.CD012212.pub2
2. Faculty Opinions Recommendation
1. Ashok V, Bala I, Bharti N, et al. : Effects of intraoperative liberal fluid therapy on postoperative nausea and vomiting in children—A randomized controlled trial. Paediatr Anaesth. 2017;27(8):810–5. 10.1111/pan.13179
1. Chauvin C, Schalber-Geyer AS, Lefebvre F, et al. : Early postoperative oral fluid intake in paediatric day case surgery influences the need for opioids and postoperative vomiting: A controlled randomized trial. Br J Anaesth. 2017;118(3):407–14. 10.1093/bja/aew463
1. Mishra A, Pandey RK, Sharma A, et al. : Is perioperative administration of 5% dextrose effective in reducing the incidence of PONV in laparoscopic cholecystectomy?: A randomized control trial. J Clin Anesth. 2017;40:7–10. 10.1016/j.jclinane.2017.03.048
1. Kim SH, Kim DH, Kim E, et al. : Does perioperative intravenous dextrose reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2018;14:2003–11. 10.2147/TCRM.S178952
1. Zorrilla-Vaca A, Marmolejo-Posso D, Stone A, et al. : Perioperative Dextrose Infusion and Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials. Anesth Analg. 2019;129(4):943–50. 10.1213/ANE.0000000000004019
2. Faculty Opinions Recommendation
1. Shibata C, Sasaki I, Naito H, et al. : The herbal medicine Dai-Kenchu-Tou stimulates upper gut motility through cholinergic and 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptors in conscious dogs. Surgery. 1999;126(5):918–24. 10.1016/S0039-6060(99)70033-4
1. Abdel-Aziz H, Windeck T, Ploch M, et al. : Mode of action of gingerols and shogaols on 5-HT 3 receptors: Binding studies, cation uptake by the receptor channel and contraction of isolated guinea-pig ileum. Eur J Pharmacol. 2006;530(1–2):136–43. 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.10.049
1. Hu ML, Rayner CK, Wu KL, et al. : Effect of ginger on gastric motility and symptoms of functional dyspepsia. World J Gastroenterol. 2011;17(1):105–10. 10.3748/wjg.v17.i1.105
1. Fahimi F, Khodadad K, Amini S, et al. : Evaluating the effect of zingiber officinalis on nausea and vomiting in patients receiving Cisplatin based regimens. Iran J Pharm Res. 2011;10(2):379–84.
1. Adib-Hajbaghery M, Hosseini FS: Investigating the effects of inhaling ginger essence on post-nephrectomy nausea and vomiting. Complement Ther Med. 2015;23(6):827–31. 10.1016/j.ctim.2015.10.002
1. Ozgoli G, Goli M, Simbar M: Effects of ginger capsules on pregnancy, nausea, and vomiting. J Altern Complement Med. 2009;15(3):243–6. 10.1089/acm.2008.0406
1. Hall HG, Griffiths DL, McKenna LG: The use of complementary and alternative medicine by pregnant women: A literature review. Midwifery. 2011;27(6):817–24. 10.1016/j.midw.2010.08.007
1. Shawahna R, Taha A: Which potential harms and benefits of using ginger in the management of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy should be addressed? a consensual study among pregnant women and gynecologists. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017;17(1):204. 10.1186/s12906-017-1717-0
1. Marx W, McCarthy AL, Ried K, et al. : The Effect of a Standardized Ginger Extract on Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea-Related Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Moderately or Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy: A Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2017;9(8):867. 10.3390/nu9080867
1. Albooghobeish M, Ghomeishi A, Adarvishi S, et al. : The Effect of Preoperative Zintoma Capsule on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Anesth Pain Med. 2018;8(5):e67132. 10.5812/aapm.67132
1. Soltani E, Jangjoo A, Aghaei MA, et al. : Effects of preoperative administration of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) on postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Tradit Complement Med. 2018;8(3):387–90. 10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.06.008
1. Bameshki A, Namaiee MH, Jangjoo A, et al. : Effect of oral ginger on prevention of nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Electron Physician. 2018;10(2):6354–62. 10.19082/6354
1. Tóth B, Lantos T, Hegyi P, et al. : Ginger ( Zingiber officinale): An alternative for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. A meta-analysis. Phytomedicine. 2018;50:8–18. 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.007
1. Hosseini FS, Adib-Hajbaghery M: Ginger Essence Effect on Nausea and Vomiting After Open and Laparoscopic Nephrectomies. Nurs Midwifery Stud. 2015;4(2):e28625. 10.17795/nmsjournal28625
1. Mandal P, Das A, Majumdar S, et al. : The efficacy of ginger added to ondansetron for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in ambulatory surgery. Pharmacognosy Res. 2014;6(1):52–7. 10.4103/0974-8490.122918
1. Nanthakomon T, Pongrojpaw D: The efficacy of ginger in prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after major gynecologic surgery. J Med Assoc Thai. 2006;89 Suppl 4:S130–6.
1. Kalava A, Darji SJ, Kalstein A, et al. : Efficacy of ginger on intraoperative and postoperative nausea and vomiting in elective cesarean section patients. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2013;169(2):184–8. 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2013.02.014
1. Zeraati H, Shahinfar J, Hesari SI, et al. : The Effect of Ginger Extract on the Incidence and Severity of Nausea and Vomiting After Cesarean Section Under Spinal Anesthesia. Anesth Pain Med. 2016;6(5):e38943. 10.5812/aapm.38943
1. Lee YR, Shin HS: Effectiveness of Ginger Essential Oil on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Abdominal Surgery Patients. J Altern Complement Med. 2017;23(3):196–200. 10.1089/acm.2015.0328
1. Chaiyakunapruk N, Kitikannakorn N, Nathisuwan S, et al. : The efficacy of ginger for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: A meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;194(1):95–9. 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.06.046
1. Seidi J, Ebnerasooli S, Shahsawari S, et al. : The Influence of Oral Ginger before Operation on Nausea and Vomiting after Cataract Surgery under General Anesthesia: A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. Electron Physician. 2017;9(1):3508–14. 10.19082/3508
1. Tavlan A, Tuncer S, Erol A, et al. : Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after thyroidectomy: Combined antiemetic treatment with dexamethasone and ginger versus dexamethasone alone. Clin Drug Investig. 2006;26(4):209–14. 10.2165/00044011-200626040-00005
1. Morin AM, Betz O, Kranke P, et al. : [Is Ginger a Relevant Antiemetic for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting?]. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther. 2004;39(5):281–5. 10.1055/s-2004-814438
1. Arfeen Z, Owen H, Plummer JL, et al. : A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial of Ginger for the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2019;23(4):449–52. 10.1177/0310057X9502300406
1. Eberhart LHJ, Mayer R, Betz O, et al. : Ginger does not prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic surgery. Anesth Analg. 2003;96(4):995–8,table of contents. 10.1213/01.ane.0000055818.64084.41
1. Wang SM, Hofstadter MB, Kain ZN: An alternative method to alleviate postoperative nausea and vomiting in children. J Clin Anesth. 1999;11(3):231–4. 10.1016/s0952-8180(99)00035-5
1. Merritt BA, Okyere CP, Jasinski DM: Isopropyl alcohol inhalation: Alternative treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Nurs Res. 2002;51(2):125–8. 10.1097/00006199-200203000-00009
1. Anderson LA, Gross JB: Aromatherapy with peppermint, isopropyl alcohol, or placebo is equally effective in relieving postoperative nausea. J Perianesth Nurs. 2004;19(1):29–35. 10.1016/j.jopan.2003.11.001
1. Beadle KL, Helbling AR, Love SL, et al. : Isopropyl Alcohol Nasal Inhalation for Nausea in the Emergency Department: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Emerg Med. 2016;68(1):1–9.e1. 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.09.031
1. Verma DK, Bansal S, Sharma P, et al. : Control of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Patients with Isopropyl Alcohol: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2018;17(4):576–81. 10.1007/s12663-018-1094-3
1. Asay K, Olson C, Donnelly J, et al. : The Use of Aromatherapy in Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: A Systematic Review. J Perianesth Nurs. 2019;34(3):502–16. 10.1016/j.jopan.2018.08.006
2. Faculty Opinions Recommendation
1. Mcilvoy L, Richmer L, Kramer D, et al. : The Efficacy of Aromatherapy in the Treatment of Postdischarge Nausea in Patients Undergoing Outpatient Abdominal Surgery. J Perianesth Nurs. 2015;30(5):383–8. 10.1016/j.jopan.2014.10.004
1. Karaman S, Karaman T, Tapar H, et al. : A randomized placebo-controlled study of aromatherapy for the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Complement Ther Med. 2019;42:417–21. 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.12.019
1. Brown L, Danda L, Fahey TJ: A Quality Improvement Project to Determine the Effect of Aromatherapy on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in a Short-Stay Surgical Population. AORN J. 2018;108(4):361–9. 10.1002/aorn.12366
1. Stallings-Welden LM, Doerner M, Ketchem E, et al. : A Comparison of Aromatherapy to Standard Care for Relief of PONV and PDNV in Ambulatory Surgical Patients. J Perianesth Nurs. 2018;33(2):116–28. 10.1016/j.jopan.2016.09.001
1. Hodge NS, McCarthy MS, Pierce RM: A prospective randomized study of the effectiveness of aromatherapy for relief of postoperative nausea and vomiting. J Perianesth Nurs. 2014;29(1):5–11. 10.1016/j.jopan.2012.12.004
1. Hines S, Steels E, Chang A, et al. : Aromatherapy for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;3(3):CD007598. 10.1002/14651858.CD007598.pub3
1. Hines S, Steels E, Chang A, et al. : Aromatherapy for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012; (4):CD007598. 10.1002/14651858.CD007598.pub2
1. Lane B, Cannella K, Bowen C, et al. : Examination of the Effectiveness of Peppermint Aromatherapy on Nausea in Women Post C-Section. J Holist Nurs. 2012;30(2):90–104. 10.1177/0898010111423419
1. Ferruggiari L, Ragione B, Rich ER, et al. : The effect of aromatherapy on postoperative nausea in women undergoing surgical procedures. J Perianesth Nurs. 2012;27(4):246–51. 10.1016/j.jopan.2012.01.013
1. Kiberd MB, Clarke SK, Chorney J, et al. : Aromatherapy for the treatment of PONV in children: A pilot RCT. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016;16(1):450. 10.1186/s12906-016-1441-1
1. Fan CF, Tanhui E, Joshi S, et al. : Acupressure treatment for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg. 1997;84(4):821–5. 10.1097/00000539-199704000-00023
1. Alkaissi A, Evertsson K, Johnsson VA, et al. : P6 acupressure may relieve nausea and vomiting after gynecological surgery: An effectiveness study in 410 women. Can J Anaesth. 2002;49(10):1034–9. 10.1007/BF03017897
1. Rusy LM, Hoffman GM, Weisman SJ: Electroacupuncture prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting following pediatric tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy. Anesthesiology. 2002;96(2):300–5. 10.1097/00000542-200202000-00013
1. Albooghobeish M, Mohtadi A, Saidkhani V, et al. : Comparison Between Effects of Acupuncture and Metoclopramide on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting after Gynaecological Laparoscopy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Anesth Pain Med. 2017;7(5):e12876. 10.5812/aapm.12876
1. Constantine FC, Matarasso A: Putting It All Together: Recommendations for Improving Pain Management in Body Contouring. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014;134(4 Suppl 2):113S–119S. 10.1097/PRS.0000000000000669
1. Larson JD, Gutowski KA, Marcus BC, et al. : The effect of electroacustimulation on postoperative nausea, vomiting, and pain in outpatient plastic surgery patients: A prospective, randomized, blinded, clinical trial. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010;125(3):989–94. 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181ccdc23
1. Lee A, Done ML: The use of nonpharmacologic techniques to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting: A meta-analysis. Anesth Analg. 1999;88(6):1362–9. 10.1097/00000539-199906000-00031
1. Lu C, Du JY, Fang JQ, et al. : [The curative effect observation of different frequency of TEAS combined with wristband pressing on Neiguan (PC 6) for nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy]. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu. 2019;39(1):9–15. 10.13703/j.0255-2930.2019.01.002
2. Faculty Opinions Recommendation
1. Gan TJ, Jiao KR, Zenn M, et al. : A randomized controlled comparison of electro-acupoint stimulation or ondansetron versus placebo for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg. 2004;99(4):1070–5, table of contents. 10.1213/01.ANE.0000130355.91214.9E
1. Lee A, Fan LT: Stimulation of the wrist acupuncture point P6 for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009; (2):CD003281. 10.1002/14651858.CD003281.pub3
1. Gouveia F, Oliveira C, Losa N: Acupuncture in the Management of Intraoperative Nausea and Vomiting. J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2016;9(6):325–9. 10.1016/j.jams.2016.09.005
1. Moore CB, Hickey AH: Increasing Access to Auricular Acupuncture for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting. J Perianesth Nurs. 2017;32(2):96–105. 10.1016/j.jopan.2015.06.006
1. Carr KL, Johnson FE, Kenaan CA, et al. : Effects of P6 stimulation on postoperative nausea and vomiting in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients. J Perianesth Nurs. 2015;30(2):143–50. 10.1016/j.jopan.2014.04.005
1. Farhadi K, Choubsaz M, Setayeshi K, et al. : The Effectiveness of Dry-Cupping in Preventing Post-Operative Nausea and Vomiting by P6 Acupoint Stimulation: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(38):e4770. 10.1097/MD.0000000000004770
1. Lee S, Lee MS, Choi DH, et al. : Electroacupuncture on PC6 prevents opioid-induced nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic surgery. Chin J Integr Med. 2013;19(4):277–81. 10.1007/s11655-013-1425-7
1. Ünülü M, Kaya N: The Effect of Neiguan Point (P6) Acupressure With Wristband on Postoperative Nausea, Vomiting, and Comfort Level: A Randomized Controlled Study. J Perianesth Nurs. 2018;33(6):915–27. 10.1016/j.jopan.2017.09.006
1. Stott A: Examining the efficacy of stimulating the PC6 wrist acupuncture point for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting: A Cochrane review summary. Int J Nurs Stud. 2016;64:139–41. 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.07.004
1. Stoicea N, Gan TJ, Joseph N, et al. : Alternative Therapies for the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting. Front Med (Lausanne). 2015;2:87. 10.3389/fmed.2015.00087
1. Kwon JH, Shin Y, Juon HS: Effects of Nei-Guan (P6) Acupressure Wristband: On Nausea, Vomiting, and Retching in Women After Thyroidectomy. Cancer Nurs. 2016;39(1):61–6. 10.1097/NCC.0000000000000243
1. Sun R, Dai W, Liu Y, et al. : Non-needle acupoint stimulation for prevention of nausea and vomiting after breast surgery: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(10):e14713. 10.1097/MD.0000000000014713
2. Faculty Opinions Recommendation
1. Li S, Zheng M, Wu W, et al. : Effects of Electroacupuncture Administered 24 hours Prior to Surgery on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting and Pain in Patients Undergoing Gynecologic Laparoscopic Surgery: A Feasibility Study. Explore (NY). 2017;13(5):313–8. 10.1016/j.explore.2017.06.002
1. Hofmann D, Murray C, Beck J, et al. : Acupressure in Management of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in High-Risk Ambulatory Surgical Patients. J Perianesth Nurs. 2017;32(4):271–8. 10.1016/j.jopan.2015.09.010
1. Oh H, Kim BH: Comparing Effects of Two Different Types of Nei-Guan Acupuncture Stimulation Devices in Reducing Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting. J Perianesth Nurs. 2017;32(3):177–87. 10.1016/j.jopan.2015.12.010
1. Feng C, Popovic J, Kline R, et al. : Auricular Acupressure in the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Emesis A Randomized Controlled Trial. Bull Hosp Jt Dis (2013). 2017;75(2):114–8.
1. Weeks EM, Trinca J, Zheng Z: Knowledge of and willingness to try acupuncture for postoperative nausea and vomiting: An Australian survey of surgical patients. Acupunct Med. 2017;35(5):345–51. 10.1136/acupmed-2016-011191
1. Liu Y, Wang M, Li Q, et al. : [Impacts of transcutaneous acupoint electric stimulation on the postoperative nausea and vomiting and plasma 5-HT concentration after cesarean section]. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu. 2015;35(10):1039–43.
1. Lin M, Xiong X, Wei W: Effect of auricular point therapy combined with transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation on prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing partial breast resection. J Pract Med. 2015;31:1858–60.
1. Pan F, Gong H, He B, et al. : Preventive and therapeutic effects of different acupoints and stimulating methods on nausea and vomiting after breast surgery. J New Chin Med. 2014;46:169–71.
1. Wang Z, Zeng F, Qian B: Effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation on postoperative recovery quality after breast cancer surgery. Med J West China. 2017;29:1233–6.
1. Zhou W, Hu L, Ye J, et al. : Effect of percutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation on adverse reactions after modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer. Chin J Rural Med Pharm. 2017;24:27–8.
1. Quinlan-Woodward J, Gode A, Dusek JA, et al. : Assessing the Impact of Acupuncture on Pain, Nausea, Anxiety, and Coping in Women Undergoing a Mastectomy. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2016;43(6):725–32. 10.1188/16.ONF.725-732
1. Pouy S, Etebarian A, Azizi-Qadikolaee A, et al. : The effect of acupuncture on postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting after pediatric tonsillectomy: A systematic review. Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2019. 10.1515/ijamh-2018-0285
2. Faculty Opinions Recommendation
1. Shin HC, Kim JS, Lee SK, et al. : The effect of acupuncture on postoperative nausea and vomiting after pediatric tonsillectomy: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Laryngoscope. 2016;126(8):1761–7. 10.1002/lary.25883
1. Özmert S, Salman N, Sever F, et al. : Acupuncture as an Antiemetic in Children who Underwent Adenoidectomy and/or Tonsillectomy. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim. 2016;44(1):7–12. 10.5152/TJAR.2016.05902
1. Liodden I, Howley M, Grimsgaard AS, et al. : Perioperative Acupuncture and Postoperative Acupressure Can Prevent Postoperative Vomiting following Paediatric Tonsillectomy Or Adenoidectomy: A Pragmatic Randomised Controlled Trial. Acupunct Med. 2018;29(1):9–15. 10.1136/aim.2010.002915
1. Shin BC: Acupuncture for post- tonsillectomy pain: evidence from a recent randomized clinical trial. Longhua Chinese Medicine. 2018; . 10.21037/lcm.2018.09.02
1. Ochi JW, Richardson AC: Intraoperative pediatric acupuncture is widely accepted by parents. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2018;110:12–5. 10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.04.014
1. Ghezelbash S, Khosravi M: Acupressure for nausea-vomiting and fatigue management in acute lymphoblastic leukemia children. J Nurs Midwifery Sci. 2017;4(3):75–81. 10.4103/JNMS.JNMS_11_17
1. Goel H, Mathur S, Sandhu M, et al. : Effect of Low-level LASER Therapy on P6 Acupoint to Control Gag Reflex in Children: A Clinical Trial. J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2017;10(5):317–23. 10.1016/j.jams.2017.07.002
1. Butkovic D, Toljan S, Matolic M, et al. : Comparison of laser acupuncture and metoclopramide in PONV prevention in children. Paediatr Anaesth. 2005;15(1):37–40. 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2004.01388.x
1. Barsoum G, Perry EP, Fraser IA: Postoperative nausea is relieved by acupressure. J R Soc Med. 1990;83(2):86–9. 10.1177/014107689008300209
1. Varejão CdS, Santo FHdE: Laser Acupuncture for Relieving Nausea and Vomiting in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Single-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. 2018;36(1):44–54. 10.1177/1043454218810140
1. Martin CS, Deverman SE, Norvell DC, et al. : Randomized trial of acupuncture with antiemetics for reducing postoperative nausea in children. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2019;63(3):292–7. 10.1111/aas.13288
1. Hasheminasab FS, Ayati MH: A review on the efficacy of acupuncture to prevent nausea and vomiting after strabismus surgery. Trad Integr Med. 2017;2(2):90–7.
1. Yilmaz Sahin S, Iyigun E, Can MF: Effect of acupressure application to the P6 acupoint before laparoscopic cholecystectomy on postoperative nausea-vomiting: A randomized controlled clinical study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2018;87:40–8. 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.07.011
1. Liu WH, Hao Y, Han YJ, et al. : Analysis and Thoughts about the Negative Results of International Clinical Trials on Acupuncture. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:671242. 10.1155/2015/671242
1. Christensen KA, Gosse BJ, Hildebrand C, et al. : Acupuncture-Associated Vasovagal Response: Revised Terminology and Hospital Experience. Med Acupunct. 2017;29(6):366–76. 10.1089/acu.2017.1245
1. Gilbert RT, Farish N, Bergland E, et al. : The Use of Short-Term Acupressure to Prevent Long-Term PONV: Was This a Case of Too Little, Too Late? J Perianesth Nurs. 2017;32(5):445–52. 10.1016/j.jopan.2015.08.014
1. Jernigan AM, Chen CCG, Sewell C: A randomized trial of chewing gum to prevent postoperative ileus after laparotomy for benign gynecologic surgery. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2014;127(3):279–82. 10.1016/j.ijgo.2014.06.008
1. Darvall JN, Handscombe M, Leslie K: Chewing gum for the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Br J Anaesth. 2017;118(1):83–9. 10.1093/bja/aew375
1. Ciardulli A, Saccone G, Di Mascio D, et al. : Chewing gum improves postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal function after cesarean delivery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2018;31(14):1924–32. 10.1080/14767058.2017.1330883
1. Xu C, Peng J, Liu S, et al. : Effect of chewing gum on gastrointestinal function after gynecological surgery: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2018;44(5):936–43. 10.1111/jog.13602
1. Ge B, Zhao H, Lin R, et al. : Influence of gum-chewing on postoperative bowel activity after laparoscopic surgery for gastric cancer: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(13):e6501. 10.1097/MD.0000000000006501
1. Mason KP: Pediatric Sedation Outside of the Operating Room: A Multispecialty International Collaboration. New York: Springer.2015. 10.1007/978-1-4939-1390-9
1. Hole J, Hirsch M, Ball E, et al. : Music as an aid for postoperative recovery in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2015;386(10004):1659–71. 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60169-6
1. Flanagan DA, Kerin A: How is intraoperative music therapy beneficial to adult patients undergoing general anesthesia? A systematic review. Anesthesia eJ. 2017;5(2):5–13.
1. Nilsson U, Rawal N, Uneståhl LE, et al. : Improved recovery after music and therapeutic suggestions during general anaesthesia: A double-blind randomised controlled trial. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2001;45(7):812–7. 10.1034/j.1399-6576.2001.045007812.x
1. Allred KD, Byers JF, Sole ML: The effect of music on postoperative pain and anxiety. Pain Manag Nurs. 2010;11(1):15–25. 10.1016/j.pmn.2008.12.002
1. Kahloul M, Mhamdi S, Nakhli MS, et al. : Effects of music therapy under general anesthesia in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Libyan J Med. 2017;12(1):1260886. 10.1080/19932820.2017.1260886
1. Palmer JB, Lane D, Mayo D, et al. : Effects of Music Therapy on Anesthesia Requirements and Anxiety in Women Undergoing Ambulatory Breast Surgery for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(28):3162–8. 10.1200/JCO.2014.59.6049
1. Bradt J, Dileo C, Shim M: Music interventions for preoperative anxiety. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013; (6):CD006908. 10.1002/14651858.CD006908.pub2
1. van der Heijden MJE, Oliai Araghi S, van Dijk M, et al. : The Effects of Perioperative Music Interventions in Pediatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. PLoS One. 2015;10(8):e0133608. 10.1371/journal.pone.0133608
1. Sin WM, Chow KM: Effect of Music Therapy on Postoperative Pain Management in Gynecological Patients: A Literature Review. Pain Manag Nurs. 2015;16(6):978–87. 10.1016/j.pmn.2015.06.008
1. Manyande A, Cyna AM, Yip P, et al. : Non-pharmacological interventions for assisting the induction of anaesthesia in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015; (7):CD006447. 10.1002/14651858.CD006447.pub3
1. Good M, Anderson GC, Ahn S, et al. : Relaxation and music reduce pain following intestinal surgery. Res Nurs Health. 2005;28(3):240–51. 10.1002/nur.20076
1. Good M, Anderson GC, Stanton-Hicks M, et al. : Relaxation and music reduce pain after gynecologic surgery. Pain Management Nursing. 2002;3(2):61–70. 10.1053/jpmn.2002.123846
1. Binns-Turner PG, Wilson LL, Pryor ER, et al. : Perioperative music and its effects on anxiety, hemodynamics, and pain in women undergoing mastectomy. AANA J. 2011;79(4 Suppl):S21–7.
1. Bringman H, Giesecke K, Thörne A, et al. : Relaxing music as pre-medication before surgery: A randomised controlled trial. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2009;53(6):759–64. 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2009.01969.x
1. Madson AT, Silverman MJ: The Effect of Music Therapy on Relaxation, Anxiety, Pain Perception, and Nausea in Adult Solid Organ Transplant Patients. J Music Ther. 2010;47(3):220–32. 10.1093/jmt/47.3.220
1. Jayaraman L, Sharma S, Sethi N, et al. : Does intraoperative music therapy or positive therapeutic suggestions during general anaesthesia affect the postoperative outcome? - A double blind randomised controlled. Indian J. Anaesth. 2006;50(4):258–61.
1. Çetinkaya F: The effects of listening to music on the postoperative nausea and vomiting. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2019;35:278–83. 10.1016/j.ctcp.2019.03.003
1. Gokçek E, Kaydu A: The effects of music therapy in patients undergoing septorhinoplasty surgery under general anesthesia. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2019; S1808-8694(18)30606-2. 10.1016/j.bjorl.2019.01.008
1. Kurdi MS, Gasti V: Intraoperative Meditation Music as an Adjunct to Subarachnoid Block for the Improvement of Postoperative Outcomes Following Cesarean Section: A Randomized Placebo-controlled Comparative Study. Anesth Essays Res. 2018;12(3):618–24. 10.4103/aer.AER_114_18
1. Çankaya A, Saritaş S: Effect of Classic Foot Massage on Vital Signs, Pain, and Nausea/Vomiting Symptoms After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2018;28(6):359–65. 10.1097/SLE.0000000000000586
1. Johns DE, Gerling V, Pasker-de Jong PCM: Ice pops in the recovery room: Effects on postoperative nausea and vomiting. Br J Anaesth. 2017;118(4):637–8. 10.1093/bja/aex063
1. Li G, Lin L, Dai F, et al. : Muscular tissue oxygen saturation during robotic hysterectomy and postoperative nausea and vomiting: Exploring the potential therapeutic thresholds. J Clin Monit Comput. 2019;33(4):597–604. 10.1007/s10877-018-0193-5
2. Faculty Opinions Recommendation
1. Guo W, Ding J, Jin X, et al. : Effect of cerebral oxygen saturation on postoperative nausea and vomiting in female laparoscopic surgery patients. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(41):e8275. 10.1097/MD.0000000000008275
1. Alghanem SM, Massad IM, Rashed EM, et al. : Optimization of anesthesia antiemetic measures versus combination therapy using dexamethasone or ondansetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Surg Endosc. 2010;24(2):353–8. 10.1007/s00464-009-0567-3
1. Tang J, Chen X, White PF, et al. : Antiemetic prophylaxis for office-based surgery: Are the 5-HT3 receptor antagonists beneficial? Anesthesiology. 2003;98(2):293–8. 10.1097/00000542-200302000-00005
1. Eberhart LHJ, Mauch M, Morin AM, et al. : Impact of a multimodal anti-emetic prophylaxis on patient satisfaction in high-risk patients for postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anaesthesia. 2002;57(10):1022–7. 10.1046/j.1365-2044.2002.02822.x
1. Pym A, Ben-Menachem E: The effect of a multifaceted postoperative nausea and vomiting reduction strategy on prophylaxis administration amongst higher-risk adult surgical patients. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2018;46(2):185–9. 10.1177/0310057X1804600207
1. Tabrizi S, Malhotra V, Turnbull ZA, et al. : Implementation of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Guidelines for Female Adult Patients Undergoing Anesthesia During Gynecologic and Breast Surgery in an Ambulatory Setting. J Perianesth Nurs. 2019;34(4):851–60. 10.1016/j.jopan.2018.10.006
2. Faculty Opinions Recommendation
1. Walldén J, Flodin J, Hultin M: Validation of a prediction model for post-discharge nausea and vomiting after general anaesthesia in a cohort of Swedish ambulatory surgery patients. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2016;33(10):743–9. 10.1097/EJA.0000000000000473
1. King AB, Spann MD, Jablonski P, et al. : An enhanced recovery program for bariatric surgical patients significantly reduces perioperative opioid consumption and postoperative nausea. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2018;14(6):849–56. 10.1016/j.soard.2018.02.010
1. Scuderi PE, James RL, Harris L, et al. : Multimodal Antiemetic Management Prevents Early Postoperative Vomiting After Outpatient Laparoscopy. Anesth Analg. 2000;91(6):1408–14. 10.1097/00000539-200012000-00020
1. Bruderer U, Fisler A, Steurer MP, et al. : Post-discharge nausea and vomiting after total intravenous anaesthesia and standardised PONV prophylaxis for ambulatory surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2017;61(7):758–66. 10.1111/aas.12921
1. Bergese SD, Antor MA, Uribe AA, et al. : Triple Therapy with Scopolamine, Ondansetron, and Dexamethasone for Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Moderate to High-Risk Patients Undergoing Craniotomy Under General Anesthesia: A Pilot Study. Front Med (Lausanne). 2015;2:40. 10.3389/fmed.2015.00040
1. Henzi I, Walder B, Tramèr MR: Dexamethasone for the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: A Quantitative Systematic Review. Anesth Analg. 2000;90(1):186–94. 10.1097/00000539-200001000-00038
1. Singh LD, Singh YN, Singh NR, et al. : A comparative study between ramosetron and granisetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Med Soc. 2013;27(3):194–198. 10.4103/0972-4958.127392
1. Chu CC, Shieh JP, Tzeng JI, et al. : The prophylactic effect of haloperidol plus dexamethasone on postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy. Anesth Analg. 2008;106(5):1402–6. 10.1213/ane.0b013e3181609424
1. Habib AS, El-Moalem HE, Gan TJ: The efficacy of the 5-HT3 receptor antagonists combined with droperidol for PONV prophylaxis is similar to their combination with dexamethasone. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Can J Anesth. 2004;51(4):311–9. 10.1007/BF03018234
1. Maddali MM, Mathew J, Fahr J, et al. : Postoperative nausea and vomiting in diagnostic gynaecological laparoscopic procedures: Comparison of the efficacy of the combination of dexamethasone and metoclopramide with that of dexamethasone and ondansetron. J Postgrad Med. 2003;49(4):302–6.
1. Gan TJ, Franiak R, Reeves J: Ondansetron orally disintegrating tablet versus placebo for the prevention of postdischarge nausea and vomiting after ambulatory surgery. Anesth Analg. 2002;94(5):1199–200. 10.1097/00000539-200205000-00027
1. Dewinter G, Staelens W, Veef E, et al. : Simplified algorithm for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: A before-and-after study. Br J Anaesth. 2018;120(1):156–63. 10.1016/j.bja.2017.08.003
1. Kumar A, Solanki SL, Gangakhedkar GR, et al. : Comparison of palonosetron and dexamethasone with ondansetron and dexamethasone for postoperative nausea and vomiting in postchemotherapy ovarian cancer surgeries requiring opioid-based patient-controlled analgesia: A randomised, double-blind, active controlled study. Indian J Anaesth. 2018;62(10):773–9. 10.4103/ija.IJA_437_18
1. Ryu JH, Jeon YT, Min B, et al. : Effects of palonosetron for prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting in high-risk patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. PLoS One. 2018;13(5):e0196388. 10.1371/journal.pone.0196388
1. Tramèr MR: A rational approach to the control of postoperative nausea and vomiting: Evidence from systematic reviews. Part I. Efficacy and harm of antiemetic interventions, and methodological issues. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2001;45(1):4–13. 10.1034/j.1399-6576.2001.450102.x
1. Gan TJ, Coop A, Philip BK: A Randomized, Double-Blind Study of Granisetron Plus Dexamethasone Versus Ondansetron Plus Dexamethasone to Prevent Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergoing Abdominal Hysterectomy. Anesth Analg. 2005;101(5):1323–9. 10.1213/01.ANE.0000180366.65267.F6
1. White PF, Watcha MF: Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: Prophylaxis Versus Treatment. Anesth Analg. 1999;89(6):1337. 10.1097/00000539-199912000-00001
1. Gillmann HJ, Wasilenko S, Züger J, et al. : Standardised electronic algorithms for monitoring prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Arch Med Sci. 2019;15(2):408–15. 10.5114/aoms.2019.83293
1. Habib AS, Reuveni J, Taguchi A, et al. : A comparison of ondansetron with promethazine for treating postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients who received prophylaxis with ondansetron: A retrospective database analysis. Anesth Analg. 2007;104(3):548–51. 10.1213/
1. Habib AS, Gan TJ: The effectiveness of rescue antiemetics after failure of prophylaxis with ondansetron or droperidol: A preliminary report. J Clin Anesth. 2005;17(1):62–5. 10.1016/j.jclinane.2004.04.004
1. Brookes CD, Berry J, Rich J, et al. : Multimodal protocol reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing Le Fort I osteotomy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015;73(3):324–32. 10.1016/j.joms.2014.08.007
1. Mayeur C, Robin E, Kipnis E, et al. : Impact of a prophylactic strategy on the incidence of nausea and vomiting after general surgery. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim. 2012;31(2):e53–e57. 10.1016/j.annfar.2011.10.016
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Source: PubMed

Management strategies for the treatment and prevention of postoperative/postdischarge nausea and vomiting: an updated review

Abstract

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References

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