Exploring the smoking cessation needs of individuals with diabetes using the Information-Motivation-Behavior Skills model

Joseph Grech, Ian J Norman, Roberta Sammut, Joseph Grech, Ian J Norman, Roberta Sammut

Abstract

Introduction: Smoking cessation is an important aspect of diabetes management. Despite the increased risk for diabetes complications when smoking, evidence suggests that people living with type 1 and type 2 diabetes are less likely to quit smoking when compared to those without diabetes. Guided by the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model, this study aimed to identify the needs of individuals living with type 1 and type 2 diabetes to quit smoking.

Methods: A qualitative descriptive design was adopted. Semi-structured telephone interviews were held between April and June 2021, with 20 former and current Maltese smokers living with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, recruited from the diabetic clinics within the two main acute public hospitals. The interview transcriptions were analyzed using applied thematic analysis.

Results: Individuals with diabetes need more information on the effects of smoking on diabetes to encourage cessation. Preventing diabetic complications was reported as a motivator to quit smoking. However, having diabetes was identified as a challenge to quitting. Participants welcomed the provision of health professional support for quitting smoking, identifying the need to provide smoking cessation support within diabetic clinics. The provision of information on tobacco-associated diabetic complications, by using video messages featuring former smokers' stories was also suggested.

Conclusions: To promote smoking cessation among individuals with diabetes, they need to be informed about how smoking affects their condition. Utilizing video messages featuring real-life stories of former smokers with diabetes who experienced tobacco-associated diabetic complications may be influential. Additionally, providing diabetes-specific intensive smoking cessation support is crucial to help them quit.

Keywords: counselling; diabetes complications; diabetes mellitus; information motivation behavioral skills model; smoking cessation agents; tobacco use cessation.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have each completed and submitted an ICMJE form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. The authors declare that they have no competing interests, financial or otherwise, related to the current work. R. Sammut reports that she has received funds for attending conferences from University of Malta, and had an unpaid role on the Board of Directors (id-Dar tal-Providenza).

© 2024 Grech J. et al.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Main findings based on the IMB model, insights from interviews with participants recruited from diabetes care clinics in Malta in 2021 (N=20)

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