Cardiovascular Autonomic Responses to Aerobic, Resistance and Combined Exercises in Resistance Hypertensive Patients

Nayara Fraccari-Pires, Hélio José Coelho-Júnior, Bruno Bavaresco Gambassi, Ana Paula Cabral de Faria, Alessandra Mileni Versuti Ritter, Carolina Souza Gasparetti, Mariana Rodrigues Pioli, Olívia Moraes Ruberti, Silvia Elaine Ferreira-Melo, Heitor Moreno, Bruno Rodrigues, Nayara Fraccari-Pires, Hélio José Coelho-Júnior, Bruno Bavaresco Gambassi, Ana Paula Cabral de Faria, Alessandra Mileni Versuti Ritter, Carolina Souza Gasparetti, Mariana Rodrigues Pioli, Olívia Moraes Ruberti, Silvia Elaine Ferreira-Melo, Heitor Moreno, Bruno Rodrigues

Abstract

Here, we report the acute effects of aerobic (AER), resistance (RES), and combined (COM) exercises on blood pressure, central blood pressure and augmentation index, hemodynamic parameters, and autonomic modulation of resistant (RH) and nonresistant hypertensive (NON-RH) subjects. Twenty participants (10 RH and 10 NON-RH) performed three exercise sessions (i.e., AER, RES, and COM) and a control session. Hemodynamic (Finometer®, Beatscope), office blood pressure (BP), and autonomic variables (accessed through spectral analysis of the pulse-to-pulse BP signal, in the time and frequency domain-Fast Fourrier Transform) were assessed before (T0), one-hour (T1), and twenty-four (T2) hours after each experimental session. There were no changes in office BP, pulse wave behavior, and hemodynamic parameters after (T0 and T1) exercise sessions. However, AER and COM exercises significantly reduced sympathetic modulation in RH patients. It is worth mentioning that more significant changes in sympathetic modulation were observed after AER as compared to COM exercise. These findings suggest that office blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and hemodynamic parameters returned to baseline levels in the first hour and remained stable in the 24 hours after the all-exercise sessions. Notably, our findings bring new light to the effects of exercise on RH, indicating that RH patients show different autonomic responses to exercise compared to NON-RH patients. This trial is registered with trial registration number NCT02987452.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this article.

Copyright © 2022 Nayara Fraccari-Pires et al.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Effects of exercise sessions on office blood pressure in RH (a–d) and NON-RH (e–h) at baseline (T0), postexercise (T1), and 24 hs (T2) after exercise sessions. AER: Aerobic; RES: resistance; COM: combined; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; MAP: mean arterial pressure; HR: heart rate.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effects of exercise sessions on central blood pressure and augmentation index in RH (a–d) and NON-RH (e–h) at baseline (T0) and postexercise (T1). AER: aerobic; RES: resistance; COM: combined; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; MAP: mean arterial pressure; AIx: augmentation index.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effects of exercise sessions on hemodynamic parameters in RH (a–g) and NON-RH (h–n) at baseline (T0), postexercise (T1), and 24 hs (T2) after exercise sessions. AER: aerobic; RES: resistance; COM: combined; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; MAP: mean arterial pressure; SV: stroke volume; CO: cardiac output; HR: heart rate; TRP: total peripheral vascular resistance.

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